Chemistry of Living Things Flashcards
Naming ionic compounds: metal and non-metal
Write metal first, then non-metal suffix “-ide” (E.g. Lithium Fluoride)
Naming covalent compounds: non-metal and non-metal
Name non-metal furthest to the left on the periodic table, then name other non-metal using suffix “-ide”
How do ionic compounds work?
Metals and non-metals react because the electrons lost by the metal are gained by the non-metal.
How do covalent compounds work?
Since both non-metals need to gain electrons, they share the electrons instead.
Combustion (differences)
Fuel + Oxygen —> Water + Carbon dioxide
- uncontrolled chemical process
- occurs outside living cells or systems
- released in form of heat (can also produce light and sounds - explosive)
- high temperatures
- energy released in one step
- very fast reaction rate
Respiration (differences)
- controlled biochemical process
- occurs in living cells to release energy
- less than half of energy is released as heat
- temperature cannot rise beyond control or it can damage cell
- energy released in multiple stores with different biochemical reactions
- slow reaction rate (controlled by enzymes)
- energy released in form of ATP
Similarities between combustion and respiration
- chemically the same process
- both require oxygen and fuel
- both produce energy and carbon dioxide as products
- both are exothermic
Digestion definition
Involves physical and chemical reactions which break down large compounds into smaller chemicals which can be used by the body
Mechanical (physical) digestion definition
- Physically breaks down food substances into smaller particles to more efficiently undergo chemical digestion (Increases surface area of food molecules)
Chemical digestion definition
- Breaks down large food molecules into chemical building blocks to be absorbed by the body using acids and enzymes
Amylase (Food group, Location, Broken down into)
Food group: Carbohydrates
Location: Mouth, Pancreas
Broken down into: Simple sugars
Lipases (Food group, Location, Broken down into)
Food group: Lipids
Location: Small intestine
Broken down into: Fatty acids + glycerol
Proteases (Food group, Location, Broken down into)
Food group: Protein
Location: Stomach
Broken down into: Amino acids
Respiratory system: function
- Allows oxygen to enter the body
- Inhaled through trachea into lungs, entering the bloodstream
- Oxygen delivered to cells essential for respiration to occur
Digestive system: function
- Breaks complex carbohydrates from food into simpler molecules (glucose)
- Glucose enters cells and goes through series of reactions to release energy for our body to function
