Chemistry Of Life Flashcards
The ‘C.H.O.N’ Compounds
• These are organic compounds that contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen &Nitrogen
• Living organisms require all 4 for survival
The ‘C.H.O.N’ Compounds
• These are organic compounds that contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen &Nitrogen
• Living organisms require all 4 for survival
Monosaccharides are linked by ____________that
form because of dehydration reactions, forming
disaccharides and polysaccharides while eliminating a
water molecule for each bond formed
Monosaccharides are linked by glycosidic bonds that
form because of dehydration reactions, forming
disaccharides and polysaccharides while eliminating a
water molecule for each bond formed
__________________are common
monosaccharides
Glucose, galactose and fructose
common disaccharides
include.
lactose, maltose, and sucrose
examples of
polysaccharides
Glycogen, Starch and glycogen, examples of
polysaccharides are the storage forms of
glucose in plants and animals, respectively.
The long polysaccharide chains may be
branched or unbranched
example of an unbranched
polysaccharide
Cellulose
amylopectin
amylopectin, a
constituent of starch, is a highly branched
molecule.
Glucose storage,
Glucose storage, in the form of
polymers like starch of glycogen, makes it
slightly less accessible for metabolism
• However, this prevents it from leaking out of
cell or creating a high osmotic pressure that
could cause the cell to uptake excessive water
Fats
Fats are a stored form of energy and are also
known as triacylglycerols or triglycerides. Fats
are comprised of fatty acids and either glycerol or
sphingosine.
Lipids
Lipids are a class of macromolecules that are non
polar and hydrophoic in nature. Major types
include fats and oils , waxes , phospholipids, and
steroids.
unsaturated or saturated
Fatty acids may be unsaturated or saturated ,
depending on the presence or absence of double
bonds in the hydrocarbon chain. If only single
bonds are present , they are saturated fatty acids.
• Unsaturated fatty acids may have one or more
double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.
Nucleic acids are compounds formed from the two
pentose sugars
ribose and deoxyribose.
ribose and deoxyribose.
Deoxyribose
has one less hydroxyl group than ribose, with hydrogen
replacing it, i.e. it has lost one oxygen, hence the name.
Ribose and deoxyribose
difference
Ribose and deoxyribose are the basis of RNA
(ribosenucleic acid) and DNA (deoxyribosenucleic acid)
respectively, although they are also important as a
source of energy and participation in cellular
respiration. The underlying structure is the formation of
a nucleoside.
Nucleosides
Nucleosides are compounds formed between one of the
sugars and one of five base
underlying structure in the formation of nucleic acids
Difference between nucleoside and nucleotide
Nucleotides differ from nucleosides in that they have
phosphate groups attached. Nucleotides are the building
blocks of a genome.
The building blocks of proteins (monomers) are
amino acids. Each amino acid has a central carbon
that bonds to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a
hydrogen atom , and an R group or side chain.
There are ______commonly occurring amino acids, each
of which differs in the R group, making it have
specific duties (some as enzymes and others as
building blocks)
There are 20 commonly occurring amino acids, each
of which differs in the R group, making it have
specific duties (some as enzymes and others as
building blocks)
