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MAKAPASAR CHEMISTRY AMEN > CHEMISTRY OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS > Flashcards

CHEMISTRY OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS Flashcards

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1
Q

WHAT ARE THE FOUR ENGINEERING MATERIALS?

A

POLYMERS, CERAMICS, METALS & ALLOYS, COMPOSITES

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2
Q

What are the three types of polymers?

A

Thermoplastic Polymers, Thermosetting Polymers, Elastomers

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3
Q

It is a solid material which is hard, shiny, malleable, fusible and ductile, with good electric and thermal conductivity

A

Metal

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4
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a metal?
A. Malleable & Fusible
B. Hard
C. Shiny & Ductile
D. Brittle

A

Brittle

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5
Q

A material composed of two or more metals or a metal and nonmetal

A

Alloy

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6
Q

Below are examples of alloys except
A. Brass
B. Bronze & Copper
C. Manganese
D. Cast Iron

A

Manganese

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7
Q

Below are examples of metals except
A. Iron & Gold
B. Silver
C. Diamond
D. Aluminum

A

Diamond

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8
Q

What are the two categories of metals and alloys

A

Ferrous and Non-ferrous

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9
Q

3 categories of non-ferrous

A

Cu-Alloys, Ni-Alloys, Al-Alloys

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10
Q

2 categories of ferrous

A

Steels and Cast Irons

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11
Q

2 categories of steels

A

Alloy Steels, Plain Carbon Steels

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12
Q

5 categories of cast iron

A

white cast iron, malleable cast iron, grey cast iron, S.G. cast iron, and chilled cast iron

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13
Q

It has iron as its main constitute

A

Ferrous

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14
Q

Has carbon of less than 2%

A

Steel

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15
Q

Has carbon of more than 2%

A

Cast Iron

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16
Q

Has other than iron as main constitute

A

Non-ferrous

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17
Q

Has aluminum as main constitute

A

Al-alloy

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18
Q

Has nickel as main constitute

A

Ni-alloy

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19
Q

Has copper as main constitute

A

Cu-alloy

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20
Q

Poly means

A

Many

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21
Q

Meros means

A

Units, Parts

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22
Q

Polymer means

A

Many parts/many units

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23
Q

Other name for thermoplastic

A

Thermosoftening Plastic

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24
Q

This polymer have their chains crossed linked by covalent bonds

A

Thermosetting Polymer

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25
Q

True or False. The resulting three-dimensional structure of thermosetting can be changed

A

False

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26
Q

This type of polymer becomes pliable or moldable above a specific temperature and solidifies upon cooling

A

Thermoplastic Polymer/Thermosoftening Plastic

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27
Q

These are atoms pack in periodic or 3D arrays

A

Crystalline Materials

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28
Q

These are atoms with no periodic packing

A

Noncrystalline Materials

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29
Q

Amorphous means

A

Noncrystalline

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30
Q

Two types of solids

A

Crystalline and Amorphous

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31
Q

The constituent particles have a regular arrangement

A

Crystalline Solids

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32
Q

They do not have a sharp characteristic melting point; they generally melt over a range and temperature

A

Amorphous Solids

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33
Q

What do you call something with different physical properties and different directions?

A

Anisotropy

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34
Q

What do you call something that have physical properties that are identical in all directions along any axis?

A

Isotropy

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35
Q

They can be cleaved along definite planes

A

Crystalline Solids

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36
Q

They are characterized by random arrangement of constituent particles

A

Amorphous Solids

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37
Q

The following are characteristics of Amorphous Solids except
A. They are characterized by random arrangement of constituent particles
B. They are characterized by sharp melting point
C. Their physical properties are identical in all directions along any axis
D. They cannot be cleaved along definite planes; they undergo irregular breakage when cut in a knife

A

B, Amorphous Solids does not have a sharp melting point, and melts over a range of temperature

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38
Q

Four classes of solids

A

Molecular, Ionic, Covalent, Metallic

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39
Q

This type of solid consist of high melting and boiling points, they are also good conductors of heat and electricity due to the presence of mobile electrons

A

Metallic Solids

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40
Q

This solid is made up of atoms that are bonded together by covalent bonds

A

Covalent Solids

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41
Q

This type of solid consist of high melting points. However, their thermal and electrical conductivity is poor.

A

Covalent Solids

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42
Q

This type of solid is held together by weak Van der Waals forces

A

Molecular Solids

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43
Q

This type of solid is characterized by london dispersion force and dipole-dipole attractions

A

Molecular Solids

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44
Q

This type of solid is hard, brittle, and have high melting and boiling points

A

Ionic Solids

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45
Q

In this type of solid, atoms are interlinked by covalent linkages to form giant network solids

A

Covalent Solids

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46
Q

The following are characteristics of Ionic Solids except
A. Soft
B. Brittle
C. Have high melting & boiling points
D. Hard

A

A, They are hard

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47
Q

This type of solid consist of constituent particles that are positive kernels immerse in a sea of mobile electrons.

A

Metallic Solids

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48
Q

The following are characteristics of molecular solids except
A. Poor thermal conduction
B. Good electrical conduction
C. Soft
D. Poor electrical conduction

A

B, they have poor thermal and electrical conduction

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49
Q

The following are examples of molecular solids except
A. Ice
B. NaCl
C. Iodine
D. Solid Carbon Dioxide

A

B, NaCl is an Ionic Solid

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50
Q

The following are examples of metallic solids except
A. Diamond
B. Al
C. Ni
D. Fe
E. Cu

A

A, diamond is a covalent solid

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51
Q

The following are examples of covalent solids except:
A. Iodine
B. Silicon Carbide
C. Quartz
D. Silica
E. Diamond

A

A, iodine is a molecular solid

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52
Q

The following are examples of molecular solids except
A. Solid Carbon Dioxide
B. Iodine
C. Quartz
D. Ice

A

C, quartz is a covalent solid

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53
Q

They are rare due to low packing density

A

Simple Cubic Structure

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54
Q

In this structure, atoms touch each other along cube diagonals

A

Body Centered Cubic Structure

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55
Q

This structure tend to be densely packed

A

Metallic Crystal Structure

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56
Q

This structure have the simplest crystal structure

A

Metallic Crystal Structure

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57
Q

This structure is characterized by stacking sequence like ABAB

A

Hexagonal Close-Packed Structure

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58
Q

The coordination number of this structure is 6

A

Simple Cubic Structure

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59
Q

The coordination number of this structure is 12 and has 4 atoms per unit cell

A

Face Centered Cubic Structure

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60
Q

This refers to number of atoms or ions that surround a central atom or ion in a chemical compound

A

Coordination number

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61
Q

This structure has a coordination number of 8

A

Body Centered Cubic Structure

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62
Q

The coordination number of this structure is 12 and has 6 atoms per unit cell

A

Hexagonal Close-Packed Structure

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63
Q

It helps determine the geometric shape and stability of compound. They also determine the structure & arrangement of atoms or ions on the crystal structure

A

Coordination number

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64
Q

This structure has 1 atom per unit cell

A

Simple Cubic Structure

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65
Q

The following are the reasons for the dense packing of Metallic Crystal Structures except
A. Metallic bonding is not directional
B. Electron cloud shields cores from each other
C. Close-packed dimensions are cube edges
D. Typically, only one element is present so all atomic radii are the same
E. Nearest neighbor distances tend to be small in order to lower bond energy.

A

C

66
Q

What is the APF for a simple cubic structure?

A

0.52

67
Q

What is the APF of a Hexagonal Close-Packed Structure?

A

0.74

68
Q

What is the APF for a body-centered cubic structure?

A

0.68

69
Q

What are the three types of cubic cells?

A

Simple cubic, Body-centered cubic, and Face-centered cubic

70
Q

This structure has a 3D projection

A

Hexagonal Close-Packed Structure

71
Q

Trivia: Pmetal > Pceramics > Ppolymers

A
72
Q

It has less dense packing and often lighter elements

A

Ceramics/Semicond

73
Q

It has close-packing (metallic bonding) and has often large atomic masses

A

Metals/Alloys

74
Q

They have intermediate values

A

Composites/Fibers

75
Q

They have low packing density and lighter elements

A

Polymers

76
Q

True or False. Most engineering materials are polycrystals

A

True

77
Q

What is the typical range of grain sizes?

A

1nm to 2cm

78
Q

True or False. Each grain is a single crystal

A

True

79
Q

Trivia:
Anisotropic - grain/crystals have direction
Isotropic - grain/crystals are dotted

A
80
Q

Most crystalline solids are composed of a collection of many small crystals or grains, such materials are termed…?

A

Polycrystalline

81
Q

If grains are randomly oriented, it is..?

A

Isotropic

82
Q

If grains are randomly oriented, it is..?

A

Isotropic

83
Q

If grains are textured, they are…?

A

Anisotropic

84
Q

In this type of crystal, properties vary with direction

A

Single Crystals

85
Q

Two or more distinct crystal structures for the same material is called…?

A

Allotrophy/Polymorphism

86
Q

In this type of crystal, properties may or may not vary with direction

A

Polycrystals

87
Q

Some metals, as well as nonmetals, may have more than one crystal structure, a phenomenon known as…

A

Polymorphism

88
Q

When found in elemental solids, the condition is often termed…

A

Allotrophy

89
Q

It is the smallest portion of a crystal lattice which produces the complete space lattice by repeating itself again and again

A

Unit Cell

90
Q

What do you call the geometrical pattern of points of which the unit cells are arranged?

A

Crystal Lattice

91
Q

It is the regular and repeating arrangement of particles in three-dimensional space

A

Crystal Lattice

92
Q

It is the positions occupied by the particles in this three-dimensional arrangement

A

Lattice sites/Lattice points

93
Q

These properties influence qualitatively and quantitatively the response of a given material to factors like temperature, magnetic field, electric current, radiations, etc.

A

Properties of Metals

94
Q

What are the five physical properties of metals

A

Appearance, Color, Density, Melting Point, Porosity

95
Q

It is the property which influences the processing of metal and their alloys during industrial operation

A

Technological Properties

96
Q

This property describe the behavior of metal under the action of external forces

A

Mechanical Properties

97
Q

This property refer to the behavior of the substance under magnetic field

A

Magnetic Properties

98
Q

Property of materials that include dimensions, appearance, color, density, melting point, porosity, etc.

A

Physical Properties

99
Q

This property study the response of a material to the application of heat

A

Thermal Properties

100
Q

In this property, metals tend to suffer chemical deterioration on coming in contact with other substances

A

Chemical Properties

101
Q

What are the five importance chemical properties of metals

A

Corrosion resistance, Chemical composition, Reactivity, Acidity, Alkalinity

102
Q

This property refers to the selection of metal and material for electric equipments that is done on the basis of their electrical properties

A

Electrical Properties

103
Q

These two elements are used for making electric wires because of their good conductivity

A

Copper and Silver

104
Q

What are the seven properties of metals?

A

Physical, Thermal, Electrical, Chemical, Mechanical, Technological, and Magnetic Properties

105
Q

What are the four technological properties of metals?

A

Castability, Machinability, Weldability, and Workability/Formability

106
Q

What are the three magnetic properties of metals?

A

Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism, and Ferromagnetism

107
Q

What are the six thermal properties of metals?

A

Heat capacity and specific heat
Thermal expension
Melting point
Thermal conductivity
Thermal shock resistance
Thermal stability

108
Q

What are the 13 mechanical properties of metals

A

Elasticity
Plasticity
Toughness
Resilience
Tensile Strength
Shear Strength
Ductility
Malleability
Brittleness
Hardness
Fatigue
Creep
Wear Resistance

109
Q

It is the ratio of the volume occupied by the pores to the volume of a material

A

Porosity

110
Q

This refers to the ability of a metal to withstand changes without undergoing any permanent change in dimensions, without cracking or peeling off

A

Thermal Stability

111
Q

It is the ability of a material to seek its original dimensions when the deforming force is removed

A

Elasticity

112
Q

It is the ratio of the maximum load to the original cross-sectional area

A

Tensile Strength

113
Q

It is the property which enables a material to withstand forces acting upon it with a tendency to distort its shape

A

Shear Strength

114
Q

It is the rate at which heat can flow through a material hnder the influence of a given temperature gradient

A

Thermal Conductivity

115
Q

It is the property of a substancr that possesses if it contains one or more unpaired electrons

A

Paramagnetism

116
Q

It is the capacity of a material to be welded under the given fabrication conditions of heat and pressure, and perform satisfactorily in the intended service

A

Weldability

117
Q

It is the type of magnetism that cause a substance with no unpaired electrons to be weakly repelled from a magnetic field

A

Diamagnetism

118
Q

It is the continuous deformation of a machine part by the action of load at elevated temperates

A

Creep

119
Q

It is the opposite of toughess anc is the property of a material which does not permit permanent deformation without breakage

A

Brittleness

120
Q

It is the unintentional removal of solid material from the surface by rubbing action

A

Wear Resistance

121
Q

It is a form of magnetism in which unpaired electron spins align parallel to one another

A

Ferromagnetism

122
Q

Property of a metal by virtue of which it can be drawn into wires

A

Ductility

123
Q

Property of a metal that deals with its capacity to be rolled, drawn, casted, hardened, heated, and recrystaized without any permanent deformation or change in its properties

A

Workability/Formability

124
Q

The ability of a material to withstand bending or tension without fracture

A

Toughness

125
Q

It is an important basis for fixing the working stresses especially in the case of brittle materials. Its unit is kg/cm^2

A

Tensile Strength

126
Q

The ability of a metal to withstand sudden and severe changes in temperature without failure

A

Thermal Shock Resistance

127
Q

It increases the fatigue resistance of a material

A

Annealing

128
Q

The resistance of a material to plastic deformation by indentation

A

Hardness

129
Q

Complex property of a metal or alloy which allows it when molten, to fill a mould and give a flawless casting

A

Castability

130
Q

It is the ability of a metal to be machined by a gicen tool with little energy ay high speed without unduly reducing the life of the tool and resulting in a finished smooth surface

A

Machinability

131
Q

An alloy is a _____ ______ of two or more elements with metallic properties or a metal and a non-metal possessing metallic properties

A

Homogenous mixture

132
Q

It is the phenomenon that leads to fracture under conditions where materials are subjected to repeated loads or stresses

A

Fatigue

133
Q

Ability of a material to return to its original form when the stretching, bending, or compressing force is removed

A

Resilience

134
Q

It is the property which enables a material to overcome fatigue

A

Fatigue resistance

135
Q

Indictive of a material’s ability to absorb heat from the surroundings

A

Heat Capacity/Specific Heat

136
Q

The property by virtue of which a metal can be beaten into sheets by hammering or rolling

A

Malleability

137
Q

What is the most malleable metal?

A

Gold

138
Q

Give an example of a brittle material

A

Glass

139
Q

The change in dimension of a metal in response to thermal energy and is measured in terms of coefficient of ______ _______

A

Thermal Expansion

140
Q

It is the reverse of elasticity

A

Plasticity

141
Q

The process of heating a steel to a high temperature and then cooling it carefully under controlled conditions

A

Annealing

142
Q

Property of a material by virtue of which it may be permanently deformed when subjected to an external force great enough to exceed the elastic limit

A

Plasticity

143
Q

What are the two common ferrous alloys?

A

Steel and Cast Iron

144
Q

These alloys contain iron as one of their major components

A

Ferrous Alloys

145
Q

The carbon content in steel is noy more than how many percent?

A

1.3%

146
Q

How many percent of carbon can cast iron contain?

A

1.7% - 4.0%

147
Q

It is a process involving a sequence of heating and cooling operations in steel (or any other metal alloy) to obtain a desired combination of properties.

A

Heat Treatment

148
Q

Heat Treatment produces the following effects in the properties of metals except
A. Improves machinability
B. Improves electrical, thermal, and magnetic properties of the metal
C. Relieves the metal of external stresses
D. Refines grain size and make the metal structure homogenous
E. Improves ductility, toughness, resistance of material to heat, wear, shock, and corrosion

A

C, Heat Treatment relieves INTERNAL stresses of metal

149
Q

It is also known as air quenching

A

Normalizing

150
Q

It is a rapid cooling of steel by immersing it in a liquid bath such as water or oil

A

Hardening of Steel

151
Q

In this process, the quenched steel is reheated to a predetermined temperature

A

Tempering

152
Q

Trivia: The following ate the purpose of normalizing:

A. To produce a uniform structure
B. Refine grain size of steel
C. Reduce internal stress
D. Produce harder and stronger steel than full annealing
E. Improve the engineering properties of steel

A
153
Q

It is a stressed conditiond and hence it is very brittle. It cannot be used for practical purposes

A

Hardened Steel

154
Q

Trivia: Hardening is followed by Tempering

A
155
Q

It involves heating of steel to 40-50 degrees Celsius

A

Normalizing

156
Q

It is faster than furnace cooling

A

Air cooling

157
Q

It reduces stress and strains that developed due to quenching. It is always applied to cutting tools like blades, chisels, cutters, and tool bits

A

Tempering

158
Q

For better toughness, the tempering temperature should not exceed to how many degrees Celsius?

A

400 degrees Celsius

159
Q

In hardening of steel, steel is heated to how many degrees above the upper critical temperature?

A

30-50 degrees Celsius

160
Q

At how many degrees is carbon steel reheated?

A

200 degrees Celsius

161
Q

At how many degrees is steel containing 0.35 - 3.5% carbon reheated?

A

400 - 650 degrees Celsius

MAKAPASAR CHEMISTRY AMEN (1 decks)

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