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Chemistry Mock > Chemistry mock > Flashcards

Chemistry mock Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the difference between a pure substance and a mixture

A

A pure substance only contains one molecule whereas a mixture contains two or more pure substances

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2
Q

How to use melting point information to decide whether a substance is pure or it is a mixture

A

A pure substance has a definitive boiling and melting point whereas a mixture has more than one boiling and melting point as it is made up of more than one compound

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3
Q

What does it mean if a call and have has jagged lines

A

It is an impure substance

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4
Q

Why does the temperature not change as a pure substance melts

A

The temperature does not change because the energy is used to change the state of the substance rather than being transferred into kinetic energy

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5
Q

Name some mixtures that can be separated by filtration

A

Spaghetti and water

Insoluble solids from liquids

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6
Q

Name some mixtures that can be seperated by crystallisation

A

Remove salt from sea water
Remove salt from rock salt

Used to separate soluble solid from a liquid

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7
Q

How is simple distillation used and what is it for

A

For separating and liquid from a solid if you want to keep the liquid.

It is a two step process in which a liquid is heated and evaporated off and then go through a condenser ,which cold water is running around, in order to turn the gas into a liquid again.

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8
Q

How do you calculate Rf value in chromatography

A

Distance travelled by a dye/distance travelled by solvent

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9
Q

Why must water used in chemical analysis be pure

A

If it is not pure it will not boil at 100° exactly

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10
Q

Describe how the size of an atom compares to the size of its nucleus

A

The nucleus of an atom is 1/100,000 of the size of the atom itself

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11
Q

State the meaning of atomic number

A

The amount of protons in an atom (equal to the amount of electrons)

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12
Q

State the meaning of mass number

A

How much it weighs

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13
Q

How do you calculate the number of protons neutrons and electrons using atomic and mass numbers

A

Protons+neutrons=mass number

Protons=atomic number

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14
Q

What’s an isotope

A

They have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

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15
Q

Explain why the relative atomic mass of many elements are not whole numbers

A

Because it is an average of the different isotopes within the element

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16
Q

How did Mendeleev arrange elements in the periodic table

A

He ordered elements in relative atomic mass instead of atomic structure

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17
Q

How did mendeleev predict existence of elements he hadn’t discovered yet

A

He was able to work out the atomic mass of the elements missing and so was able to predict their properties

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18
Q

Recall the position of the metals and non metals in the periodic table

A

Non metals are in groups 1-8 and the non metals are in the middle

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19
Q

What does the term electronic configuration mean

A

He amount and distribution of electrons in an atom

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20
Q

How do you predict electronic configurations

A

Group number is no of electrons on outer shell

Period number is number of shells

21
Q

What happens to a metal during ionic bonding

A

It becomes positively charged because they all lose electrons

22
Q

What happens to a non metal when it ionicly bonds

A

It becomes negatively charged because it gains electrons.

The number of electrons it loses is 8-group number

23
Q

What keeps the ionic bonds together

A

Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the opposite charges

24
Q

What is a cation and an anion in ionic bonding

A

A negatively charged ion is anion

A positive overall charge is a cation

25
Q

What is ionic bonding and what is an example

A

The swapping of electrons

Sodium chloride

26
Q

What are the melting and boiling points of ions like

A

High melting and boiling points because strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions are hard to break a lot of energy is needed

27
Q

Do ions conduct electricity

A

Ions don’t conduct electricity unless molten (liquid) because when melted ions move freely about the structure

28
Q

Are ions soluble in water

A

Ions are soluble in water because h20 has a negative and positive positive end( polar molecule) that is attracted to both positive and negatively charged ions pulling the structure apart

29
Q

What does the ending ate mean of an ion

A

The 3 or more elements ionically bonded one of which is always oxygen

30
Q

What does and -ide ending mean

A

Only 2 elements covalently bonded

31
Q

What is a simple covalent bond

A

Small amounts of atoms joined together in individual molecules

32
Q

What is a giant covalent bond

A

Large networks of many covalent bonds

33
Q

What types of elements can be covalently bonded

A

Non metals

34
Q

Give an example of a simple and a giant covalent bond

A

Simple- water

Giant- diamond

35
Q

What is a covalent bond

A

The sharing of electrons

36
Q

Do simple and giant covalent bonds conduct electricity

A

No because there are no free electrons

Except graphite- giant covalent bond

37
Q

Are simple and covalent bonds soluble in water

A

They are insoluble because water is a polar molecule that cannot attract neutral molecules

38
Q

What are simple covalents melting and boiling points like

A

Low melting and boiling points because of weak intermolecular forces

39
Q

Describe metallic bonding

A

Metal atom loses outer electrons to form positively charged ion
Free electrons form a sea of delocalised electrons

40
Q

What is the structure of metallic bonding like

A

Good crystalline organised layers

41
Q

Do metals conduct electricity

A

Yes due to sea of free electrons

42
Q

Metals have what melting and boiling points

A

High melting and boiling points because of strong electrostatic forces of attraction

43
Q

Describe the structure of a metal

A

Postive ions and free sea of delocalised electrons

44
Q

How to calculate empirical formula

A

Mass of each element in question➗atomic mass

Do the ratio

Turn it into a formulae

45
Q

How to calculate masses of reactants and products

A

1) calculate mr of reactant and the product that you are asked about
2)decide whether you are being asked to find the mass of a reactant or a product
3) if reactant— mr of reactant➗mr of product
4 if product—- mr of product➗mr of reactant
5) multiply by known mass

46
Q

Formula triangle for concentration of soloutions

A

Mass(g) on top

Concentration(g/dm -3) x volume (dm3)

47
Q

What does avagasros constant show

A

The amount of atoms of one substance in a mole

48
Q

What is the moles formula triangle with mass in it

A

Mass on top

Ar or Mr x moles

49
Q

What is the moles formula triangle for working out particles

A

Particles of top

No of moles x avo. Constant

Chemistry Mock (1 decks)

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