chemistry - learning targets

Question 1

how do you make a solution?

Answer 1

dissolve the solute into the solvent

Question 2

what does it mean if a substance is soluble?

Answer 2

the substance can dissolve

Question 3

what does it mean if a substance is insoluble?

Answer 3

the substance can’t dissolve

Question 4

what is the difference between melting and dissolving?

Answer 4

heating a solid up until it turns to liquid is called melting
To dissolve a substance you shake it up with liquid/solvent a solid

Question 5

how do you create an experiment to test whether a substance is soluble or insoluble?

Answer 5

half fill a test tube with water, then add a small amount of the solid into the water. Put a stopper on and shake the test tube. Observe whether it dissolves or doesn’t.

Question 6

give examples of SOLIDS that are soluble and insoluble in water.

Answer 6

soluble: suger and salt
insoluble: flour, wax

Question 7

give examples of LIQUIDS that are soluble and insoluble in water

Answer 7

soluble: alcohol and acetone
insoluble: vegetable oil and kerosene oil

Question 8

How is solubility different depending on whether the solvent is water or white spirit?

Answer 8

some substances that are insoluble in water are soluble in white spirit

Question 9

Is a fertilizer soluble or insoluble substance?

Answer 9

soluble

Question 10

what happens in a filtration experiment?

Answer 10

get test tube, filter funnel and filter paper. Half fill test tube. Fold filter paper into funnel. Pour solid and liquids into the test tube. Pour solution that came through the filter into an evaporating Basin onto the tripod. Light the Bunsen burner to heat the solution until most of the liquid has evaporated.

Question 11

give an example of filtration we use in everyday life

Answer 11

tea - using a sieve will separate the tea leaves from the water.

Question 12

How would you set up an experiment to find out if a beaker of water is pure?

Answer 12

Get a tripod, Bunsen burner, heatproof mat, evaporating Basin and your water. boil the water under the Bunsen burner and if it evaporates, it’s pure water.

Question 13

how do you check a test tube to see if it contains oxygen?

Answer 13

put a glowing splint into the test tube and if it relights it will be oxygen

Question 14

how do you check a test tube to see if it contains hydrogen?

Answer 14

put a lit splint inside the test tube and if it makes a popping noise it will be hydrogen

Question 15

how do you check a test tube to see if it contains carbon dioxide?

Answer 15

Put lime water inside the test tube and if it turned cloudy/milky it’s carbon dioxide

Question 16

how would you do an experiment to collect gas?

Answer 16

Measure hydrogen peroxide into boiling tube. put Spatula of manganese into hydrogen peroxide. Wait few seconds. Keep tube of gas under the water and carefully move it over to the stopper. Lift test tube out water without loosing gas. Test gas with glowing splint, a burning split and limewater. Keep tube of gas upside down. Repeat until you find out what gas it is.

Question 17

What are the 3 things that are needed to keep a flame?

Answer 17

Heat, fuel and oxygen

Question 18

What does the word fuel mean?

Answer 18

A substance that is burned for a source of energy, heat or power

Question 19

give examples of names of some fuels and where they are used.

Answer 19

wood - cooking and heating
wind energy - converts kinetic energy into electricity
ocean energy - waves can be used to produce electricity

Question 20

Give examples of fossil fuels and where they are used.

Answer 20

cole - generates electricity and power
oil - power vehicles and heat buildings
natural gas - used for cooking and central heating

Question 21

how was coal made?

Answer 21

was made in swamps, dead plants were covered with mud and got crushed. Millions of year’s later pressure and heat turned plants into coal

Question 22

how was oil made?

Answer 22

made from dead sea creatures that sank and got covered by sand at the bottom of the sea along with the heat from Earth’s core to turn into oil

Question 23

what is the main chemical in coal?

Answer 23

carbon

Question 24

what is the main chemical in natural gas?

Answer 24

methane

Question 25

which fossil fuel will last the longest?

Answer 25

coal

Question 26

give examples on ways to save fossil fuels

Answer 26

shower - turn temperature down
kettle - only boil amount you need
tv - only turn on if it’s important
chargers - use devices less

Question 27

what substances are made when a fossil fuel burns?

Answer 27

carbon dioxide
water

Question 28

what is the name of th gas that causes the greenhouse effect?

Answer 28

carbon dioxide

Question 29

give examples of problems the greenhouse effect causes

Answer 29

flooding of city’s
hurricanes
glaciers melting

Question 30

is carbon dioxide an acid, alkali or neutral gas?

Answer 30

acid

Question 31

why does acid rain not only effect the countries that cause pollution?

Answer 31

Example: The carbon dioxide in the clouds in a polluted city will spread over to another city which makes the pollution spread over. (It spreads over through clouds)

Question 32

What does acid rain do to plants and fish?

Answer 32

removes minerals and nutrients for trees to grow

fish die and fish eggs can’t hatch

Question 33

how do you do an experiment to work out a list of metals, most to least reactive in acid

Answer 33

add 2 fingers depth of hydrochloric acid to a test tube and add 1 piece of metal to the test tube. Look at the reaction. Rinse out the test tube and repeat for the other metals

Question 34

How do you do an experiment to find out if the strength of an acid changes how it will react

Answer 34

add magnesium to 0.5M of acid, start a stop clocks time how long it takes for the magnesium to disappear, record time on results table and repeat for 1.0M and 2.0M acids

Question 35

what is the rule for how the strength of an acid affects how fast it reacts?

Answer 35

the stronger the acid is, faster the rate of reaction

Question 36

what does the word drug mean?

Answer 36

Any chemical that changes how the body works

Question 37

Give examples of the names of drugs and where they are used.

Answer 37

Alcohol - at party’s
nicotine - cigarettes
morphine - in hospitals for pain

Question 38

Give examples of laws about drugs and give reasons why they exist.

Answer 38

you have to be over 18 - young people’s Brains are still growing, taking drugs can interfere

supplying drugs - harming other people

you can only buy 2 packs of paracetamol from a shop - stops people from overdosing

Question 39

how many units of alcohol are in:
-glass of wine
-pint of beer/lager
-Pub measure of spirit
-bottle of alcopop
-Pub measure of port/sherry

Answer 39

glass of wine - 1 unit
pint of beer/lager - 2 units
Pub measure of spirit - 1 unit
bottle of alcopop - 2 units
Pub measure of port/sherry - 1 unit

Question 40

what part of the human body gets rid of alcohol?

Answer 40

The liver

Question 41

How many units of alcohol are removed from a healthy person in 1 hour?

Answer 41

1 unit

Question 42

What is a fossil fuel?

Answer 42

A fossil fuel is a fuel that originates form plants and animals that existed millions of year’s ago fossil fuels are non-renewable. Fossil fuels will eventually run out.