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Chemistry 101 > Chemistry Lab Exam > Flashcards

Chemistry Lab Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What are all the required safety gear used in a lab setting?

A

Safety glasses, lab coat, gloves, long pants, closed toed shoes

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2
Q

Is pouring water into concentrated acid ok?

A

No

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3
Q

What does WHIMIS stand for?

A

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System

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4
Q

Acute definition:

A

means of sudden or brief (lasting for minutes, hours or days); acute exposure would mean short term exposure and an acute health would be one that develops soon after exposure

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5
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

the process by which a chemical accumulates within a living organism

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6
Q

Carcinogen

A

a substance that is able to cause cancer. Certain chemicals may be listed as potential or suspected carcinogens if evidence regarding their ability to cause cancer is limited or if a definite conclusion cannot be reached

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7
Q

Flash point

A

the lowest temperature at which a liquid or solid gives off enough vapour to form a flammable air- vapor mixture near its surface; the lower the flash point, the greater the fire hazard

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8
Q

Ingestion

A

taking the substance into the body

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9
Q

LC50

A

an abbreviation for lethal concentration to 50% of a population

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10
Q

LD50

A

lethal dose to 50% of the population

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11
Q

Mutagen

A

a substance which changes in the DNA cells (mutations); a mutagen may be but is not necessarily a carcinogen or a teratogen but mutagens are often associated with infertility or birth defects

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12
Q

Pyrophoric

A

a substance that can self ignite in air, usually below 55 degrees C

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13
Q

Reproductive Affects

A

problems in reproductive activity which may be caused by a substance

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14
Q

Sensitization

A

the development overtime of an allergic reaction to a particular substance

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15
Q

Synergistic

A

means that the exposure to certain chemicals in combination can potentially have a greater risk than handling each chemical individually; if synergistic effects are not noted, a new risk assessment should be undertaken for handling the chemical combination

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16
Q

Teratogen

A

a substance which can cause birth defects, resulting from the harmful chemical action of a chemical in the embryo or fetus

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17
Q

Water reactive

A

a substance that reacts with water to release a gas that is flammable or presents a health hazard; fires involving water reactive substances must not be fought with water

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18
Q

Emergency procedures (life threatening)

A

notify TA and call 9-11

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19
Q

Emergency Procedures (non life threatening)

A

notify TA and call University of Alberta Protective Services

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20
Q

How to treat a burn

A

Immerse burned part in cool water/ apply ice pack, cover with clean sterile dressing. DO NOT APPLY LOTIONS, OINTMENTS OR OILY DRESSINGS. Flush with water for 20 minutes.

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21
Q

How to treat chemicals spilled on the skin over a large area

A

Quickly remove all contaminated clothing while using the safety shower to flush the chemical from the skin. Continue to flush affected area for at least 20 minutes. Do not use chemical neutralizers

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22
Q

How to treat chemicals spilled on the skin over a limited area

A

Immediately flush affected area with cold water. Do not use chemical neutralizers

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23
Q

How to treat chemicals splashed into the eyes

A

Immediately flush eyes with water so as to dilute and eliminate the chemical. Hold the eyelids open. Flush for at least 20 minutes. Apply clean dressings over both eyes and arrange for immediate medical aid.

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24
Q

How to treat accidental ingestion of chemicals

A

Contact Poison control centre. Relay information on: the poison, the quantity taken, the route of entry into the body, and the time elapsed since the ingestion

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25
Where can medical aid be found on campus?
Student Health Services. 2nd floor, SUB
26
Is transferring chemicals when the container is on the balance pan ok?
No
27
How to turn on a Bunsen burner
a) Shut the air supply opening or valve b) Open both the main supply gas valve at the base of the burner all the way c) Light the burner. Flame should be large and yellow d) Slowly increase the air supply until the main part of the flame is colourless and a small inside blue cone is visible e) Cut down the gas supply by partially closing the valve at the base of the burner until the flame is about 10 cm high f) Adjust the air supply until the inner blue cone is about 3 cm high
28
What is a meniscus?
the curved concave surface that can be seen when measuring the volume of water
29
How to use a buret
1) clean buret with distilled water 2) rinse with solution being used 2/3 times 3) read buret at meniscus point 4) Titrate by continuously swirling flask while manipulating the amount of liquid coming out of the stopcock until the endpoint is reached (permanent colour change)
30
What is a pH meter
measures pH of aqueous solutions. Consists of a probe which acts as an electrochemical cell whose potential difference (voltage) depends on the Hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
31
Types of pH meters
Analytical measurement meter, Corning model 5 pH, Corning model 120 pH, Accument 915 pH, VWR Model 8005 pH, Denver UB- 10 pH
32
What happens as excited photons move to a lower state?
Light is emitted
33
Wavelength symbol and unit
λ, meters
34
Frequency symbol and unit
v (nu), cycles per second/Hz
35
Speed of light symbol and unit
c, 2.998 x 10^8 m/s
36
Plank's constant symbol and unit
h, 6.626 x 10^-34 J/s
37
Nuclear charge symbol
Z
38
In the context of light frequency, a larger value of A (absorbance) means what?
More of the incidence light is absorbed
39
What is an efflorescent?
A hydrate that spontaneously loses water to the atmosphere
40
What is a desiccant?
A hydrate that spontaneously gains water from the atmosphere
41
What is a deliquescent?
A compound that absorbs water from the atmosphere so strongly that it absorbs in its own water of hydration
42
What is an anhydrous compound?
A compound where all the water has gone
43
When does an ionic bond form?
when a metal combines with a nonmetal
44
When does a covalent bond form?
when the electrons are shared by two bonded elements
45
What is electronegativity?
the measure of an atom's ability to attract the bonding electron density to itself in a molecule
46
What is the primary bond if the electronegativity difference between two elements is greater than approximately 2
The primary bond is ionic
47
What are van der Waals forces?
the residual attractive or repulsive forces between molecules or atomic groups that do not arise from covalent bonds, nor ionic bonds eg. weak London Dispersion Forces and stronger dipole-dipole
48
What is the difference between ionic and covalent compounds in water?
Ionic compounds are conductive whereas covalent compounds are not
49
What is spectroscopy?
the study of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with a chemical species
50
How are spectra measured
With a spectrometer
51
What determines how much light is transmitted
Less light is transmitted if there is more light absorbing material in a solution so transmission decreases with increasing concentration
52
What's another way ppm can be measured?
mg/L
53
What is the the name for N2O5
Dinitrogen pentoxide
54
What is the chemical formula for cobalt chloride x 6 dihydrogen monoxide
CoCl2 x 6H2O
55
What is the name for FeCl2?
Iron II Chloride
56
What is the balanced reaction for the complete combustion of sucrose?
C12H22O11 (s) + 12O2 (g) --> 11 H2O (l) + 12CO2 (g)
57
What are 3 changes that a hydrate might undergo while heating?
1) Evaporation --> less mass 2) Change in colour 3) Change in crystal sttructure
58
How to tell whether water (if any) has been driven off?
Weigh sample before heating and see if the mass changed after or check temperature with a thermometer and see whether or not its boiling/ steaming
59
Would Vitamin C be soluble in methanol?
Yes because methanol and vitamin c are both polar and made up of hydroxyl groups. Like dissolves like
60
What are 3 possible arrangements of the electron pairs shown in I3-?
https://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiNpKnO6cnQAhUIslQKHQ0kBb0QjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fslideplayer.com%2Fslide%2F6324417%2F&psig=AFQjCNEKKxpGSY1xwvHsB9EeNIcDz7oRBw&ust=1480366635101237
61
What is the preferred arrangement and why?
https://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwiSsInZ6snQAhUC42MKHfVUBX4QjRwIBw&url=%2Furl%3Fsa%3Di%26rct%3Dj%26q%3D%26esrc%3Ds%26source%3Dimages%26cd%3D%26cad%3Drja%26uact%3D8%26ved%3D0ahUKEwiSsInZ6snQAhUC42MKHfVUBX4QjRwIBw%26url%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fchem.libretexts.org%252FLibreTexts%252FUniversity_of_California_Davis%252FUCD_Chem_002A%252FUCD_Chem_2A%25253A_Gulacar%252FUnit_IV%25253A_Electronic_Structure_and_Bonding%252F09%25253A_Chemical_Bonding_I%25253A_Basic_Concepts%252F9.07%25253A_The_Shapes_of_Molecules%26psig%3DAFQjCNEKKxpGSY1xwvHsB9EeNIcDz7oRBw%26ust%3D1480366635101237&psig=AFQjCNEKKxpGSY1xwvHsB9EeNIcDz7oRBw&ust=1480366635101237
62
What is the difference between endpoint and equivalence point?
Equivalence point: the number of moles of titrant added is exactly sufficient to react completely with the number of moles being titrated Endpoint: when enough titrant has been added to change the colour of the solution
63
What is convection?
the mechanism of energy transfer which causes heat to rise and cold to sink. The movement of this disperses heat
64
Is heat capacity extensive or intensive?
Extensive
65
Is specific heat capacity extensive or intensive?
Intensive
66
Is molar heat capacity extensive or intensive?
intensive
67
From most acidic to least acidic, what is the order of the polychloroacetic acids?
Trichloroacetic --> 1.4, dichloroacetic --> 1.5, chloroacetic --> 2.0, acetic acid --> 2.0
68
Why would MgO be basic and P4O10 be acidic?
The higher up and to the left on the periodic table, the more basic a substance will be
69
What is the wavelength interval of the colour red?
~ 700–635 nm
70
What is the wavelength interval of the colour orange
~ 635–590 nm
71
What is the wavelength interval of the colour yellow
~ 590–560 nm
72
What is the wavelength interval of the colour green?
~ 560–520 nm
73
What is the wavelength interval of the colour cyan?
~ 520–490 nm
74
What is the wavelength interval of the colour blue?
~ 490–450 nm
75
What is the wavelength interval of the colour violet?
~ 490–450 nm
76
Using the colours of red green and yellow, order these colours from highest to lowest energy
Waves with a shorter wavelength have more energy. Since red has the longest wavelength it would be the lowest energy, followed by yellow, and green would have the most energy
77
The longest wavelength for the Balmer series of spectral lines for hydrogen (transitions to n=2) corresponds to the transition the n=3 to n=2 levels. Explain why this is to be expected
Because the drop in energy from n=3 to n=2 is small, very little energy would be released in the emitted photon. Because the energy released will be low, the wavelength will also be low resulting in the longest wavelength of the Balmer series
78
The shortest wavelength of the Balmer series of the spectral lines for hydrogen (transitions to n=2) corresponds to the n=infinity to the n=2 levels. Explain why this might be expected
The transition from a n=infinity to n=2 is relatively large resulting in a high energy photon to be emitted. If the energy of the photon is the highest, the wavelength will be the shortest of the Balmer series
79
What are 2 possible reasons for a colour to show a particular colour?
The colour of the solutions were either caused by the colour of the object being reflected or the complementary colour being absorbed
80
How do you calculate the energy of a system?
E=hc/ lamda
81
En =-Z^2 x Rh/n^2
Ionization level calculation
82
In calorimetry, does it matter whether or not a reaction is exo or endothermic?
No
83
Vitamin C is soluble in water because
Hydrogen bonding
84
oxyhemoglobin absorbs photons with energies of 3.67 x 10 ^-19. What colour is the light of such photons
Green
85
Calculate the third ionization energy of lithium in J
1.96 x 10^-17 J
86
Nitric acid formula
HNO3
87
CuCl
copper 2 cholride
88
In the traditional copper cycle, the first step reacts copper with nitric acid to form water and
Cu(No3)2 and NO
89
Rh =
2.178 x 10 -18
90
absorbance = molar absorbance x path length x concentration
b = path length
91
Kelvin number
273.15
92
Light blue copper solid
Cu(OH)2
93
Hydrogen like atom 10.13 nm
Li 2+
94
Hydrogen like atom 10.13 nm
Li 2+
95
amphoteric
able to react both as a base and as an acid
96
Minimum frequency of light to ionize and H atom
3.3 x 10^15

Chemistry 101 (2 decks)

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