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Chemistry 101 > Chemistry Lab Exam > Flashcards

Chemistry Lab Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What are all the required safety gear used in a lab setting?

A

Safety glasses, lab coat, gloves, long pants, closed toed shoes

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2
Q

Is pouring water into concentrated acid ok?

A

No

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3
Q

What does WHIMIS stand for?

A

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System

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4
Q

Acute definition:

A

means of sudden or brief (lasting for minutes, hours or days); acute exposure would mean short term exposure and an acute health would be one that develops soon after exposure

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5
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

the process by which a chemical accumulates within a living organism

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6
Q

Carcinogen

A

a substance that is able to cause cancer. Certain chemicals may be listed as potential or suspected carcinogens if evidence regarding their ability to cause cancer is limited or if a definite conclusion cannot be reached

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7
Q

Flash point

A

the lowest temperature at which a liquid or solid gives off enough vapour to form a flammable air- vapor mixture near its surface; the lower the flash point, the greater the fire hazard

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8
Q

Ingestion

A

taking the substance into the body

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9
Q

LC50

A

an abbreviation for lethal concentration to 50% of a population

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10
Q

LD50

A

lethal dose to 50% of the population

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11
Q

Mutagen

A

a substance which changes in the DNA cells (mutations); a mutagen may be but is not necessarily a carcinogen or a teratogen but mutagens are often associated with infertility or birth defects

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12
Q

Pyrophoric

A

a substance that can self ignite in air, usually below 55 degrees C

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13
Q

Reproductive Affects

A

problems in reproductive activity which may be caused by a substance

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14
Q

Sensitization

A

the development overtime of an allergic reaction to a particular substance

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15
Q

Synergistic

A

means that the exposure to certain chemicals in combination can potentially have a greater risk than handling each chemical individually; if synergistic effects are not noted, a new risk assessment should be undertaken for handling the chemical combination

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16
Q

Teratogen

A

a substance which can cause birth defects, resulting from the harmful chemical action of a chemical in the embryo or fetus

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17
Q

Water reactive

A

a substance that reacts with water to release a gas that is flammable or presents a health hazard; fires involving water reactive substances must not be fought with water

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18
Q

Emergency procedures (life threatening)

A

notify TA and call 9-11

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19
Q

Emergency Procedures (non life threatening)

A

notify TA and call University of Alberta Protective Services

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20
Q

How to treat a burn

A

Immerse burned part in cool water/ apply ice pack, cover with clean sterile dressing. DO NOT APPLY LOTIONS, OINTMENTS OR OILY DRESSINGS. Flush with water for 20 minutes.

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21
Q

How to treat chemicals spilled on the skin over a large area

A

Quickly remove all contaminated clothing while using the safety shower to flush the chemical from the skin. Continue to flush affected area for at least 20 minutes. Do not use chemical neutralizers

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22
Q

How to treat chemicals spilled on the skin over a limited area

A

Immediately flush affected area with cold water. Do not use chemical neutralizers

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23
Q

How to treat chemicals splashed into the eyes

A

Immediately flush eyes with water so as to dilute and eliminate the chemical. Hold the eyelids open. Flush for at least 20 minutes. Apply clean dressings over both eyes and arrange for immediate medical aid.

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24
Q

How to treat accidental ingestion of chemicals

A

Contact Poison control centre. Relay information on: the poison, the quantity taken, the route of entry into the body, and the time elapsed since the ingestion

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25
Q

Where can medical aid be found on campus?

A

Student Health Services. 2nd floor, SUB

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26
Q

Is transferring chemicals when the container is on the balance pan ok?

A

No

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27
Q

How to turn on a Bunsen burner

A

a) Shut the air supply opening or valve
b) Open both the main supply gas valve at the base of the burner all the way
c) Light the burner. Flame should be large and yellow
d) Slowly increase the air supply until the main part of the flame is colourless and a small inside blue cone is visible
e) Cut down the gas supply by partially closing the valve at the base of the burner until the flame is about 10 cm high
f) Adjust the air supply until the inner blue cone is about 3 cm high

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28
Q

What is a meniscus?

A

the curved concave surface that can be seen when measuring the volume of water

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29
Q

How to use a buret

A

1) clean buret with distilled water
2) rinse with solution being used 2/3 times
3) read buret at meniscus point
4) Titrate by continuously swirling flask while manipulating the amount of liquid coming out of the stopcock until the endpoint is reached (permanent colour change)

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30
Q

What is a pH meter

A

measures pH of aqueous solutions. Consists of a probe which acts as an electrochemical cell whose potential difference (voltage) depends on the Hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

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31
Q

Types of pH meters

A

Analytical measurement meter, Corning model 5 pH, Corning model 120 pH, Accument 915 pH, VWR Model 8005 pH, Denver UB- 10 pH

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32
Q

What happens as excited photons move to a lower state?

A

Light is emitted

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33
Q

Wavelength symbol and unit

A

λ, meters

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34
Q

Frequency symbol and unit

A

v (nu), cycles per second/Hz

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35
Q

Speed of light symbol and unit

A

c, 2.998 x 10^8 m/s

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36
Q

Plank’s constant symbol and unit

A

h, 6.626 x 10^-34 J/s

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37
Q

Nuclear charge symbol

A

Z

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38
Q

In the context of light frequency, a larger value of A (absorbance) means what?

A

More of the incidence light is absorbed

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39
Q

What is an efflorescent?

A

A hydrate that spontaneously loses water to the atmosphere

40
Q

What is a desiccant?

A

A hydrate that spontaneously gains water from the atmosphere

41
Q

What is a deliquescent?

A

A compound that absorbs water from the atmosphere so strongly that it absorbs in its own water of hydration

42
Q

What is an anhydrous compound?

A

A compound where all the water has gone

43
Q

When does an ionic bond form?

A

when a metal combines with a nonmetal

44
Q

When does a covalent bond form?

A

when the electrons are shared by two bonded elements

45
Q

What is electronegativity?

A

the measure of an atom’s ability to attract the bonding electron density to itself in a molecule

46
Q

What is the primary bond if the electronegativity difference between two elements is greater than approximately 2

A

The primary bond is ionic

47
Q

What are van der Waals forces?

A

the residual attractive or repulsive forces between molecules or atomic groups that do not arise from covalent bonds, nor ionic bonds eg. weak London Dispersion Forces and stronger dipole-dipole

48
Q

What is the difference between ionic and covalent compounds in water?

A

Ionic compounds are conductive whereas covalent compounds are not

49
Q

What is spectroscopy?

A

the study of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with a chemical species

50
Q

How are spectra measured

A

With a spectrometer

51
Q

What determines how much light is transmitted

A

Less light is transmitted if there is more light absorbing material in a solution so transmission decreases with increasing concentration

52
Q

What’s another way ppm can be measured?

A

mg/L

53
Q

What is the the name for N2O5

A

Dinitrogen pentoxide

54
Q

What is the chemical formula for cobalt chloride x 6 dihydrogen monoxide

A

CoCl2 x 6H2O

55
Q

What is the name for FeCl2?

A

Iron II Chloride

56
Q

What is the balanced reaction for the complete combustion of sucrose?

A

C12H22O11 (s) + 12O2 (g) –> 11 H2O (l) + 12CO2 (g)

57
Q

What are 3 changes that a hydrate might undergo while heating?

A

1) Evaporation –> less mass
2) Change in colour
3) Change in crystal sttructure

58
Q

How to tell whether water (if any) has been driven off?

A

Weigh sample before heating and see if the mass changed after or check temperature with a thermometer and see whether or not its boiling/ steaming

59
Q

Would Vitamin C be soluble in methanol?

A

Yes because methanol and vitamin c are both polar and made up of hydroxyl groups. Like dissolves like

60
Q

What are 3 possible arrangements of the electron pairs shown in I3-?

A

https://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiNpKnO6cnQAhUIslQKHQ0kBb0QjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fslideplayer.com%2Fslide%2F6324417%2F&psig=AFQjCNEKKxpGSY1xwvHsB9EeNIcDz7oRBw&ust=1480366635101237

61
Q

What is the preferred arrangement and why?

A

https://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwiSsInZ6snQAhUC42MKHfVUBX4QjRwIBw&url=%2Furl%3Fsa%3Di%26rct%3Dj%26q%3D%26esrc%3Ds%26source%3Dimages%26cd%3D%26cad%3Drja%26uact%3D8%26ved%3D0ahUKEwiSsInZ6snQAhUC42MKHfVUBX4QjRwIBw%26url%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fchem.libretexts.org%252FLibreTexts%252FUniversity_of_California_Davis%252FUCD_Chem_002A%252FUCD_Chem_2A%25253A_Gulacar%252FUnit_IV%25253A_Electronic_Structure_and_Bonding%252F09%25253A_Chemical_Bonding_I%25253A_Basic_Concepts%252F9.07%25253A_The_Shapes_of_Molecules%26psig%3DAFQjCNEKKxpGSY1xwvHsB9EeNIcDz7oRBw%26ust%3D1480366635101237&psig=AFQjCNEKKxpGSY1xwvHsB9EeNIcDz7oRBw&ust=1480366635101237

62
Q

What is the difference between endpoint and equivalence point?

A

Equivalence point: the number of moles of titrant added is exactly sufficient to react completely with the number of moles being titrated

Endpoint: when enough titrant has been added to change the colour of the solution

63
Q

What is convection?

A

the mechanism of energy transfer which causes heat to rise and cold to sink. The movement of this disperses heat

64
Q

Is heat capacity extensive or intensive?

A

Extensive

65
Q

Is specific heat capacity extensive or intensive?

A

Intensive

66
Q

Is molar heat capacity extensive or intensive?

A

intensive

67
Q

From most acidic to least acidic, what is the order of the polychloroacetic acids?

A

Trichloroacetic –> 1.4, dichloroacetic –> 1.5, chloroacetic –> 2.0, acetic acid –> 2.0

68
Q

Why would MgO be basic and P4O10 be acidic?

A

The higher up and to the left on the periodic table, the more basic a substance will be

69
Q

What is the wavelength interval of the colour red?

A

~ 700–635 nm

70
Q

What is the wavelength interval of the colour orange

A

~ 635–590 nm

71
Q

What is the wavelength interval of the colour yellow

A

~ 590–560 nm

72
Q

What is the wavelength interval of the colour green?

A

~ 560–520 nm

73
Q

What is the wavelength interval of the colour cyan?

A

~ 520–490 nm

74
Q

What is the wavelength interval of the colour blue?

A

~ 490–450 nm

75
Q

What is the wavelength interval of the colour violet?

A

~ 490–450 nm

76
Q

Using the colours of red green and yellow, order these colours from highest to lowest energy

A

Waves with a shorter wavelength have more energy. Since red has the longest wavelength it would be the lowest energy, followed by yellow, and green would have the most energy

77
Q

The longest wavelength for the Balmer series of spectral lines for hydrogen (transitions to n=2) corresponds to the transition the n=3 to n=2 levels. Explain why this is to be expected

A

Because the drop in energy from n=3 to n=2 is small, very little energy would be released in the emitted photon. Because the energy released will be low, the wavelength will also be low resulting in the longest wavelength of the Balmer series

78
Q

The shortest wavelength of the Balmer series of the spectral lines for hydrogen (transitions to n=2) corresponds to the n=infinity to the n=2 levels. Explain why this might be expected

A

The transition from a n=infinity to n=2 is relatively large resulting in a high energy photon to be emitted. If the energy of the photon is the highest, the wavelength will be the shortest of the Balmer series

79
Q

What are 2 possible reasons for a colour to show a particular colour?

A

The colour of the solutions were either caused by the colour of the object being reflected or the complementary colour being absorbed

80
Q

How do you calculate the energy of a system?

A

E=hc/ lamda

81
Q

En =-Z^2 x Rh/n^2

A

Ionization level calculation

82
Q

In calorimetry, does it matter whether or not a reaction is exo or endothermic?

A

No

83
Q

Vitamin C is soluble in water because

A

Hydrogen bonding

84
Q

oxyhemoglobin absorbs photons with energies of 3.67 x 10 ^-19. What colour is the light of such photons

A

Green

85
Q

Calculate the third ionization energy of lithium in J

A

1.96 x 10^-17 J

86
Q

Nitric acid formula

A

HNO3

87
Q

CuCl

A

copper 2 cholride

88
Q

In the traditional copper cycle, the first step reacts copper with nitric acid to form water and

A

Cu(No3)2 and NO

89
Q

Rh =

A

2.178 x 10 -18

90
Q

absorbance = molar absorbance x path length x concentration

A

b = path length

91
Q

Kelvin number

A

273.15

92
Q

Light blue copper solid

A

Cu(OH)2

93
Q

Hydrogen like atom 10.13 nm

A

Li 2+

94
Q

Hydrogen like atom 10.13 nm

A

Li 2+

95
Q

amphoteric

A

able to react both as a base and as an acid

96
Q

Minimum frequency of light to ionize and H atom

A

3.3 x 10^15

Chemistry 101 (2 decks)

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