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Chemistry IPM paper > Chemistry IPM 1 > Flashcards

Chemistry IPM 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

Compound that only has carbon and hydrogen atoms

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2
Q

Molecular formula

A

shows the number of carbon and hydrocarbon atoms in the compound.

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3
Q

Is C2OH6 a hydrocarbon?

A

It is not a hydrocarbon as it contains oxygen. Hydrocarbons only contain carbon and hydrogen atoms

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4
Q

WHat are hydrogen carbons made up of (bonds)?

A

Hydrocarbons have simple covalent compounds with strong covalent bonds.

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5
Q

What is crude oil in terms of hydrocarbons?

A

Crude oil is a mixture of many different hydrocarbons

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6
Q

Saturated hydrocarbon

A

Has only single covalent bonds

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7
Q

What are alkanes

A

group of compounds that are saturated hydrocarbons.

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8
Q

What is the nth term formula for hydrogen atoms when you increase the hydrogen atoms?

A

2n+2

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9
Q

What is the nth term for carbon atoms when you increase the hydrogen atoms

A

n

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10
Q

How are the physical properties of hydrocarbons determined by?

A

Intermolecular forces of attraction between molecules.

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11
Q

What happens to the strength of the intermolecular forces when the chain length increases?

A

The intermolecular forces increase as more energy is required to break free.

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12
Q

What happens to the number of carbon atoms when the chain length increases?

A

The number of carbon atoms increases

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13
Q

What happens to the combustion when the chain length increases?

A

The combustion decreases because the hydrocarbon must become a gas before it reacts and ignites.

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14
Q

What is meant by the term viscous?

A

Viscous is how easily something flows. When the viscous increases it means that the liquid does not flow as easily and becomes thicker.

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15
Q

What are alkenes?

A

Alkenes is an unsaturated hydrocarbon and is a homologous series.

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16
Q

What type of bond do Alkenes have?

A

Alkenes have a double bond.

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17
Q

What is the molecular formula of propene?

A

C3H6

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18
Q

What is the molecular formula of butene?

A

C4H8

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19
Q

What is the molecular for propane?

A

C3H8

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20
Q

How is crude oil formed?

A

Formed from high temperatures and pressures from the remains of animals and plants.

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21
Q

What is crude oil?

A

A finite source.

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22
Q

What are the main hydrocarbons?

A

Benzenes Alkanes Alkenes

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23
Q

What does fractional distillation do?

A

Separate hydrocarbons into fractions of similar boiling points

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24
Q

Fractions

A

Hydrocarbons of similar chain length

25
Q

What are examples of hydrocarbon that would be collected at top of the fractionating column?

A

Ethane,propane, butane

26
Q

What are examples of hydrocarbon that would be collected at the bottom?

A

Bitumen

27
Q

What is the trend in boiling point as you go from top to bottom of the column?

A

When you go to the bottom of the boiling point the temperature has increased.

28
Q

What is the formula for hydrocarbon + oxygen

A

Hydrocarbon + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water

29
Q

How do you go from a liquid to a gas?

A

High pressure

30
Q

What is a fuel

A

Fuel is a substance that reacts with oxygen to release useful energy

31
Q

What does a hydrocarbon need to burn completely

A

Plenty of air

32
Q

What does the blue flame show on the open end of the bunsen burner?

A

The blue flame shows that the reaction is complete.

33
Q

Why is carbon monoxide described as a silent killer?

A

Carbon monoxide is colourless and odourless so you cannot tell if you are breathing it in.

34
Q

What effect does carbon monoxide have on your body

A

Carbon monoxide will bind to the haemoglobin in the blood instead of the oxygen.

Therefore Carbon monoxide will stop red blood cells from transporting oxygen to the cells.

35
Q

What is the test for water in the complete combustion?

A

Copper sulfate anhydrous white will turn blue.

36
Q

What is another test for water in the complete combustion?

A

Cobalt chloride will turn from blue to purple

37
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide?

A

Limewater will turn milky.

38
Q

What is the molecular formula for ethane?

A

C2H6

39
Q

What is the point of the water surrounding the u tube?

A

It cools and condenses any water vapour that might enter the u-tube.

40
Q

How is crude oil formed? (2 marks)

A

Crude oil is found from dead animals and sea creatures millions of years ago. Crude oil is found in rocks.

41
Q

Crude oil is a _______ made up of long-chain and short-chain hydrocarbons.

A

mixture

42
Q

What is the name given to molecules found in crude oil?

A

Alkanes

43
Q

What is the general formula for compounds found in crude oil?

A

CnH(2n+2)

44
Q

What is the purpose of fractional distillation?

A

To separate the different length hydrocarbons

45
Q

How does fractional distillation use heat to perform its purpose?

A

Heat vapourises the crude oil, short-chain hydrocarbons have a lower boiling point/long-chain hydrocarbons have a higher boiling point. Small hydrocarbons condense at lower temperatures/longer ones at high temperatures.

46
Q

How do we test for alkenes and what do we see?

A

Tested with bromine water it will turn bromine water colourless.

47
Q

What are alkanes are used for?

A

They are used to produce polymers.

48
Q

What kind of reaction occurs when alkenes react with bromine and what is formed?

A

addition reaction to form dibromoalkanes

49
Q

What happens to the bonds in the c=c double during an addition reaction.

A

C=C double bonds break, leaving a C-C single bond and then each of these carbons forms an additional single covalent bond with a bromine atom.

50
Q

Describe the test to determine whether there is an alkene or alkane.

A

Alkanes will not react with the bromine.
Therefore there will be no colour change when there is an alkane and bromine is present.
When bromine is present alkenes will react with bromine water and a colour change from orange-brown to colourless will be formed.

51
Q

What is a polymer?

A

a substance which has a molecular substance built up from a large number of chief units bonded together.

52
Q

Explain why fractional distillation is used to produce petrol and other fractions from crude oil.

A

Simpler more useful mixtures than crude oil.

53
Q

State the formula of the unit that the molecular formulae of neighbouring hydrocarbons in the alkane homologous series differ by.

A

CH2

54
Q

Nitrogen oxides are pollutants. Describe how nitrogen oxides are formed in the engines of cars.

A

When hydrocarbons are exposed to high temperatures and pressures.Nitrogen + oxygen

55
Q

Give one example of a type of pollution that nitrogen oxides can cause.

A

Smog

56
Q

Explain how cars produce nitrogen oxides

A

Nitrogen and oxygen from the air react together at the high temperatures produced by combustion in the engines.

57
Q

Fuel combustion can produce soot. What impact can soot have on human health?

A

Soot can cause respiratory problems

58
Q

Explain why a petrochemical company may need to crack hydrocarbons?

A

The amount of some fractions produced does not always meet the demand for those products. More of the product can be produced by the fuel cell as a waste product.

Chemistry IPM paper (1 decks)

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