Chemistry in Society

Question 1

What is metallic bonding?

Answer 1

The electrostatic force of attraction between positively charged ions and delocalised electrons

Question 2

What is the word equation for a reaction between a metal and oxygen?

Answer 2

metal + oxygen –> metal oxide

Question 3

What is the word equation for a reaction between a metal and water?

Answer 3

metal + water –> metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 4

What is the word equation for a reaction between a metal and a dilute acid?

Answer 4

metal + dilute acid –> salt + hydrogen

Question 5

What is reduction?

Answer 5

the gain in electrons

Question 6

What is oxidation?

Answer 6

the loss of electrons

Question 7

What is a redox reaction?

Answer 7

a reaction in which reduction and oxidation take place at the same time

Question 8

What metals are extracted using only heat?

Answer 8

Silver, gold and mercury

Question 9

What metals are extracted using carbon or carbon monoxide?

Answer 9

Calcium, Lead and Zinc

Question 10

What is electrolysis?

Answer 10

the decomposition of an ionic compound using electricity

Question 11

At which electron will a positive ion gain electrons?

Answer 11

Negative

Question 12

What happens to negative ions at the positive electrode?

Answer 12

They lose electrons

Question 13

What are electrolytes?

Answer 13

solutions that conduct electricity

Question 14

What are plastics?

Answer 14

materials known as polymers

Question 15

What is addition polymerisation?

Answer 15

a chemical reaction in which unsaturated monomers are joined together to form a polymer

Question 16

What are the nutrients that plants require to grow healthily?

Answer 16

Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium

Question 17

What does the stability of nuclei depend upon?

Answer 17

The proton to neutron ratio/balance

Question 18

What are the three types of radiation?

Answer 18

alpha, beta, gamma

Question 19

What is the charge on alpha particles?

Answer 19

2+

Question 20

How are alpha particles stopped?

Answer 20

a few centimetres of air

Question 21

What does alpha radiation consist of?

Answer 21

helium nuclei
2 2+
He
4

Question 22

What is a beta particle?

Answer 22

an electron
0 -
e
1

Question 23

What are gamma waves?

Answer 23

electronegative waves

Question 24

What is half-life of a radioisotope?

Answer 24

the time taken for the sample’s activity to fall in half

Question 25

What are some uses for radioisotopes?

Answer 25

To treat cancer, treat thyroid gland, to date once-living materials

Question 26

Which radioisotope is found in every living organisms?

Answer 26

carbon-14

Question 27

How is carbon-14 formed?

Answer 27

When neutrons from cosmic radiation collide with nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere forming protons and carob-14 atoms

Question 28

Where does alpha decay take place most commonly?

Answer 28

In very large nuclei with too large a proton to neutron ratio

Question 29

How does alpha decay affect the atomic and mass numbers of a radioisotope?

Answer 29

the atomic number will decrease by 2 and the mass number will decrease by 4

Question 30

How does beta decay affect the atomic and mass numbers of a radioisotope?

Answer 30

the atomic number will increase by 1 and the mass number will be unaffected

Question 31

How does gamma decay affect the atomic and mass numbers of a radioisotope?

Answer 31

neither will be affected

Question 32

What is qualitative analysis?

Answer 32

used to find out if a substance is present in a sample

Question 33

What is quantitative analysis?

Answer 33

used to find how much of a substance is present in a sample

Question 34

Which kind of analysis are flame tests?

Answer 34

qualitative analysis

Question 35

What is a precipitation reaction?

Answer 35

a reaction in which substances in a solution are mixed and an insoluble product