Chemistry in Nails

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

The scientific term used to describe anything that takes up space

Question 2

What are the basic forms of matter?

Answer 2

Solid, liquid, and gas

Question 3

Solid

Answer 3

Matter with definite weight, volume, and shape

Question 4

Liquid

Answer 4

Matter with definite weight and volume, but no shape

Question 5

Gas

Answer 5

Matter with definite weight, but indefinite volume and shape

Question 6

Vapor

Answer 6

The gaseous state of a substance that is liquid or solid under normal conditions

Question 7

Physical change

Answer 7

A change in the physical form of a substance without creating a new substance possessing a distinct material composition

Question 8

Chemical change

Answer 8

A change in a substance that creates a new substance with different material characteristics from those of the original substance

Question 9

Elements

Answer 9

Fundamental substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances (except by nuclear reaction)

Question 10

Atoms

Answer 10

The smallest possible unit of an element that possesses the characteristics of that element

Question 11

What are the five elements that make up the protein, keratin?

Answer 11

Carbon
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Sulfur

Question 12

Molecules

Answer 12

Two or more atoms joined together by a chemical bond

Question 13

Compound

Answer 13

A molecule composed of two or more different kinds of atoms joined together

Question 14

The process in which substances of two or more molecules interact and undergo a change is called what?

Answer 14

Chemical reaction

Question 15

Polymerization

Answer 15

The process that occurs when a monomer molecule comes together with other monomer molecules in a chemical reaction to form three-dimensional networks called polymer chains

Question 16

The hardening or curing process of artificial nail products Is also called what?

Answer 16

Polymerization

Question 17

Initiator

Answer 17

A chemical compound that causes the chemical reaction to start

Question 18

A chemical reaction cannot start without what?

Answer 18

An initiator

Question 19

A substance that controls the speed at which a chemical reaction occurs is called what?

Answer 19

A catalyst

Question 20

Photo initiator

Answer 20

Ingredients that absorb light to create the energy needed to begin the curing process; used in light-cured products

Question 21

Chemicals that prevent the product from polymerizing are called what?

Answer 21

Inhibitors

Question 22

Most widely used solvent in the nail industry

Answer 22

Acetone

Question 23

What are the six main ingredients in nail polish?

Answer 23

Resins
Solvents
Plasticizers
UV stabilizers
Pigments
Dispersants

Question 24

What is the tough material that holds nail polish together?

Answer 24

Resin

Question 25

Solvents

Answer 25

Liquids that dissolve a solid, liquid, or gas

Question 26

Solute

Answer 26

A substance that is dissolved by a solvent

Question 27

Plasticizer

Answer 27

Additives that keep the polish flexible after it is dry

Question 28

UV stabilizers

Answer 28

Additives that help keep the polish from changing color when it is exposed to too much UV light from the sun

Question 29

Pigment

Answer 29

Color; used in liquid monomer, powder polymer, and nail polish

Question 30

Dispersants

Answer 30

Additives that help the pigments mix with the resin and solvent

Question 31

Adhesion

Answer 31

A type of molecular attraction that causes two different surfaces to stick together by an interaction between molecules

Question 32

Adhesives

Answer 32

Products that create a bond between two incompatible surfaces, such as a nail tip and the nail plate

Question 33

What product helps create the adhesion needed between a nail plate and nail enhancement product?

Answer 33

Priming agents or primers

Question 34

What is a small single molecule that helps form a polymer?

Answer 34

Monomer

Question 35

How are polymers formed?

Answer 35

Polymers are formed by monomers that undergo polymerization, a chemical reaction that links the molecules together from end to end

Question 36

Most nail wrap systems contain what three key products?

Answer 36

Wrap resin, accelerator, and fabric

Question 37

Wrap resin

Answer 37

An adhesive used to create layers over the nail when using a wrap system

Question 38

Accelerator

Answer 38

Product that is applied after the resin to help speed up the time it takes to harden; known as a catalyst, since they help to control the speed of the chemical reaction

Question 39

What types of fabrics are used with a nail wrap system?

Answer 39

Fiberglass, silk, linen, and nylon

Question 40

An acrylic system typically contains what two key ingredients?

Answer 40

Liquid monomer and powder polymer

Question 41

What is typically the primary monomer in acrylic liquid?

Answer 41

Ethyl methacrylate

Question 42

Liquid monomers contain…

Answer 42

Acrylic monomers, cross-linking monomers, catalysts and inhibitors

Question 43

Powder polymers contain…

Answer 43

Acrylic polymers, initiators, pigments, and silica

Question 44

What are the two differences between gel systems and acrylic?

Answer 44

1. Product comes in gel form which doesn’t require the combining of a liquid and powder 2. Gel will not cure without exposure to a light source

Question 45

What are gels mainly made of?

Answer 45

Acrylic oligomers

Question 46

Oligomer

Answer 46

A short chain version of a polymer

Question 47

The product in gel systems will not cure or harden without exposure to what?

Answer 47

A light source

Question 48

EMA

Answer 48

Ethel methacrylate; commonly used traditional acrylic monomer; high evaporation

Question 49

MEM

Answer 49

Methoxyethoxy ethyl methacrylate; commonly used odorless acrylic monomer; low evaporation

Question 50

UAO

Answer 50

Urethane, acrylate, oligomers; commonly used oligomer for light-cured gels; no evaporation