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Nail Technician Study Guide > Chemistry in Nails > Flashcards

Chemistry in Nails Flashcards

1
Q

Matter

A

The scientific term used to describe anything that takes up space

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2
Q

What are the basic forms of matter?

A

Solid, liquid, and gas

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3
Q

Solid

A

Matter with definite weight, volume, and shape

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4
Q

Liquid

A

Matter with definite weight and volume, but no shape

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5
Q

Gas

A

Matter with definite weight, but indefinite volume and shape

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6
Q

Vapor

A

The gaseous state of a substance that is liquid or solid under normal conditions

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7
Q

Physical change

A

A change in the physical form of a substance without creating a new substance possessing a distinct material composition

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8
Q

Chemical change

A

A change in a substance that creates a new substance with different material characteristics from those of the original substance

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9
Q

Elements

A

Fundamental substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances (except by nuclear reaction)

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10
Q

Atoms

A

The smallest possible unit of an element that possesses the characteristics of that element

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11
Q

What are the five elements that make up the protein, keratin?

A

Carbon
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Sulfur

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12
Q

Molecules

A

Two or more atoms joined together by a chemical bond

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13
Q

Compound

A

A molecule composed of two or more different kinds of atoms joined together

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14
Q

The process in which substances of two or more molecules interact and undergo a change is called what?

A

Chemical reaction

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15
Q

Polymerization

A

The process that occurs when a monomer molecule comes together with other monomer molecules in a chemical reaction to form three-dimensional networks called polymer chains

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16
Q

The hardening or curing process of artificial nail products Is also called what?

A

Polymerization

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17
Q

Initiator

A

A chemical compound that causes the chemical reaction to start

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18
Q

A chemical reaction cannot start without what?

A

An initiator

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19
Q

A substance that controls the speed at which a chemical reaction occurs is called what?

A

A catalyst

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20
Q

Photo initiator

A

Ingredients that absorb light to create the energy needed to begin the curing process; used in light-cured products

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21
Q

Chemicals that prevent the product from polymerizing are called what?

A

Inhibitors

22
Q

Most widely used solvent in the nail industry

A

Acetone

23
Q

What are the six main ingredients in nail polish?

A

Resins
Solvents
Plasticizers
UV stabilizers
Pigments
Dispersants

24
Q

What is the tough material that holds nail polish together?

A

Resin

25
Q

Solvents

A

Liquids that dissolve a solid, liquid, or gas

26
Q

Solute

A

A substance that is dissolved by a solvent

27
Q

Plasticizer

A

Additives that keep the polish flexible after it is dry

28
Q

UV stabilizers

A

Additives that help keep the polish from changing color when it is exposed to too much UV light from the sun

29
Q

Pigment

A

Color; used in liquid monomer, powder polymer, and nail polish

30
Q

Dispersants

A

Additives that help the pigments mix with the resin and solvent

31
Q

Adhesion

A

A type of molecular attraction that causes two different surfaces to stick together by an interaction between molecules

32
Q

Adhesives

A

Products that create a bond between two incompatible surfaces, such as a nail tip and the nail plate

33
Q

What product helps create the adhesion needed between a nail plate and nail enhancement product?

A

Priming agents or primers

34
Q

What is a small single molecule that helps form a polymer?

A

Monomer

35
Q

How are polymers formed?

A

Polymers are formed by monomers that undergo polymerization, a chemical reaction that links the molecules together from end to end

36
Q

Most nail wrap systems contain what three key products?

A

Wrap resin, accelerator, and fabric

37
Q

Wrap resin

A

An adhesive used to create layers over the nail when using a wrap system

38
Q

Accelerator

A

Product that is applied after the resin to help speed up the time it takes to harden; known as a catalyst, since they help to control the speed of the chemical reaction

39
Q

What types of fabrics are used with a nail wrap system?

A

Fiberglass, silk, linen, and nylon

40
Q

An acrylic system typically contains what two key ingredients?

A

Liquid monomer and powder polymer

41
Q

What is typically the primary monomer in acrylic liquid?

A

Ethyl methacrylate

42
Q

Liquid monomers contain…

A

Acrylic monomers, cross-linking monomers, catalysts and inhibitors

43
Q

Powder polymers contain…

A

Acrylic polymers, initiators, pigments, and silica

44
Q

What are the two differences between gel systems and acrylic?

A
  1. Product comes in gel form which doesn’t require the combining of a liquid and powder
  2. Gel will not cure without exposure to a light source
45
Q

What are gels mainly made of?

A

Acrylic oligomers

46
Q

Oligomer

A

A short chain version of a polymer

47
Q

The product in gel systems will not cure or harden without exposure to what?

A

A light source

48
Q

EMA

A

Ethel methacrylate; commonly used traditional acrylic monomer; high evaporation

49
Q

MEM

A

Methoxyethoxy ethyl methacrylate; commonly used odorless acrylic monomer; low evaporation

50
Q

UAO

A

Urethane, acrylate, oligomers; commonly used oligomer for light-cured gels; no evaporation

Nail Technician Study Guide (2 decks)

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