Chemistry Honors - Unit 2

Question 1

What is Dalton’s first component of his atomic theory?

Answer 1

All matter is composed of small particles, atoms ✅

Question 2

What is Dalton’s second component of his atomic theory?

Answer 2

Atoms of a given element are Identical. ❌

Question 3

What is Dalton’s third component of his atomic theory?

Answer 3

Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, nor destroyed ❌

Question 4

What is Dalton’s fourth component of his atomic theory?

Answer 4

Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratios to form chemical compounds. ✅

Question 5

What is Dalton’s fifth component of his atomic theory?

Answer 5

In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged. ✅

Question 6

What are the components of Dalton’s Atomic Theory?

Answer 6

1. all matter composed of atoms
2. atoms of an element are identical. atoms of diff elements are different
3. atoms cannot be broken
4. atoms from diff elements combine to form chemical compounds
5. In chemical reactions, atoms are shifted

Question 7

What are the properties of protons?

Answer 7

~ +1 positive charge
~ Mass is 1 amu
~ the location is in the nucleus

Question 8

What are the properties of Neutrons?

Answer 8

~ Neutral ( no charge )
~ Mass of 1 amu
~ Located in the nucleus

Question 9

What are the properties of electrons?

Answer 9

~ -1 negative charge
~ Mass of 0 amu
~ Located in the electron cloud

Question 10

What is the atomic mass?

Answer 10

Mass of an atoms

Question 11

What is the average atomic mass?

Answer 11

weighted average of all isotopes

Question 12

What is the standard for atomic mass?

Answer 12

carbon-12

Question 13

What is the charge of ionic compounds?

Answer 13

zero

Question 14

Why is the charge of ionic compounds zero?

Answer 14

because cations and anions must always combine in such a way so that their charges cancel

Question 15

What is a cation?

Answer 15

A positively charged ion. When atoms lose electrons to have the same configuration as noble gases. Metals form Cations

Question 16

What is an anion?

Answer 16

A negatively charged ion. When atoms gain electrons to have the same configuration as noble gases. Nonmetals form anions.

Question 17

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 17

A chemical bond that’s formed when an atom TRANSFERS an electron to another Atom

Question 18

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 18

A chemical bond formed when two or more atoms SHARE electrons.

Question 19

What was the cathode ray experiment?

Answer 19

To test the properties of the particles, Thomson placed two oppositely-charged electric plates around the cathode ray. The cathode ray was deflected away from the negatively-charged electric plate and towards the positively-charged plate. This indicated that the cathode ray was composed of negatively-charged particles.

Question 20

What was the gold foil experiment?

Answer 20

Rutherford sent a beam of Alpha particles at a thin piece of gold. When some of the particles rebounded, Rutherford concluded that most of the atom is empty space
The nucleus must be positive as it repels positive particles. He called these protons.

Question 21

What is an isotope?

Answer 21

atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 22

What are the characteristics of metals?

Answer 22

shiny, conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile

Question 23

What are the characteristics of nonmetals?

Answer 23

dull, insulator, brittle, not ductile

Question 24

What is the characteristic of metalloids?

Answer 24

properties of both:
Silicon
[Conductor, shiny]
(brittle, not ductile)

Question 25

What are the metals in the middle called? |—| (—)

Answer 25

inner transition metals

Question 26

What are the inner transition metals?

Answer 26

lanthanides and actinides

Question 27

what metals are in groups 3-12?

Answer 27

transition metals

Question 28

What are the elements in group 17 called?

Answer 28

Halogens

Question 29

what are the elements in group 18 called?

Answer 29

noble gases

Question 30

What are the elements in group 1 called?

Answer 30

alkali metals

Question 31

Characteristic of alkali metals

Answer 31

shiny, malleable, soft, reactive with water

Question 32

What are the elements in group 2 called?

Answer 32

alkali earth metals

Question 33

Characteristic of alkali earth metals

Answer 33

less reactive, react with acids

Question 34

What is a bond?

Answer 34

force of attraction that holds atoms together in a compound

Question 35

What is a polar covalent bond?

Answer 35

unequal sharing of electrons
two nonmetals

Question 36

What is a nonpolar covalent bond? How would you solve covalent bonds?

Answer 36

electrons are shared equally
same two nonmetals bonded
no difference in electronegativity
You would do the prefix method or solve as an acid depending if Hydrogen is first or not

Question 37

What is an ionic bond between? How do you solve it?

Answer 37

Metal and Nonmetal. You solve it through the criss-cross method to find subscripts.

Question 38

What is electronegativity?

Answer 38

tendency for an atom to draw electrons towards itself while bonded to another atom

Question 39

C – H

Answer 39

nonpolar

Question 40

Between what two elements do metallic bonds form?

Answer 40

Two metals.