Chemistry : Groups in the Periodic Table

Question 1

What are the Group 1 Metals known as?

Answer 1

The ‘Alkali Metals’

Question 2

What are the metals in Group 1?

Answer 2

Lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, francium

Question 3

How many electrons do the metals in Group 1 have in their outer shell?

Answer 3

1, so they have similar chemical properties

Question 4

What physical properties do they all share?

Answer 4

Low melting and boiling points
Very soft, they can be cut with a knife

Question 5

What kind of compounds do the form?

Answer 5

Ionic, as they lose their outer electron so easily they cannot share it, so can’t form covalent bonds

Question 6

Are Group 1 metals reactive?

Answer 6

Yes, they are very reactive

Question 7

Why do the alkali metals get more reactive the further down you go?

Answer 7

The outer most electron gets further from the nucleus so is less strongly attached to it and needs less energy to remove it

Question 8

What happens when an alkali metal reacts with water?

Answer 8

They react vigorously

Question 9

What does a reaction between an alkali metal and water produce?

Answer 9

Hydrogen gas and a hydroxide of the metal

Question 10

How does lithium react with water?

Answer 10

It will move around on the surface, fizzing furiously

Question 11

How do sodium and potassium react with water?

Answer 11

They will move around on the surface, fizzing furiously, but they will also melt due to the heat of the reaction
Potassium even gets hot enough to ignite the hydrogen gas produced

Question 12

What are the Group 7 elements known as?

Answer 12

The ‘Halogens’

Question 13

What elements make up Group 7?

Answer 13

Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine

Question 14

How many elements are in the outer shell of the halogens?

Answer 14

7, so they have similar chemical properties

Question 15

How do the halogens exist as?

Answer 15

Diatomic molecules (e.g. Cl2, Br2), sharing one pair of electrons in a covalent bond gives both atoms a full outer shell

Question 16

Does the melting and boiling points increase or decrease as you go down Group 7?

Answer 16

They increase

Question 17

At room temperature, what is chlorine like?

Answer 17

It is a fairly reactive, poisonous, green gas

Question 18

At room temperature, what is bromine like?

Answer 18

It is a poisonous, red-brown liquid, which gives off an orange vapour at room temperature

Question 19

At room temperature, what is iodine like?

Answer 19

It is a dark grey crystalline solid which gives off a purple vapour when heated

Question 20

How can you test for chlorine?

Answer 20

Using a damp blue piece of litmus paper, it will bleach if it comes into contact with chlorine
It may turn red for a moment, as chlorine is acidic

Question 21

Is it easier for a halogen atom to gain or loss an electron?

Answer 21

Gain, as this would form a full outer shell

Question 22

Why do the halogens become less reactive as you go down the group?

Answer 22

It gets harder to attract the extra electron to fill the outer shell when it’s further away from the nucleus

Question 23

What happen when the halogens react with some metals?

Answer 23

They will react vigorously, forming salts called ‘metal halides’

Question 24

What can halogens react with to form hydrogen halides?

Answer 24

Hydrogen

Question 25

What are the properties of hydrogen halides?

Answer 25

Soluble and can dissolve in water to form acidic solutions, e.g. HCl forms hydrochloric acid in water

Question 26

Will a more reactive halogen displace a less reactive one?

Answer 26

Yes, the elements in group 7 take part in displacement reactions

Question 27

What is a displacement reaction?

Answer 27

It is where a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from a compound

Question 28

What are the halogen displacement reactions also?

Answer 28

Redox reactions, the halogens gain electrons (reduction) and the halide ions lose electrons (oxidation)

Question 29

What is the colour of potassium bromide with chlorine water?

Answer 29

Orange solution (Br2) is formed

Question 30

What is the colour of potassium iodide with chlorine water?

Answer 30

Brown solution (I2) is formed

Question 31

What is the colour of potassium iodide with bromine water?

Answer 31

Brown solution (I2) is formed

Question 32

Does chlorine displace bromine and/or iodine?

Answer 32

No, it doesn’t displace either

Question 33

Does bromine displace chlorine and/or iodine?

Answer 33

Bromine displaces chlorine but not iodine

Question 34

Does iodine displace chlorine and/or bromine?

Answer 34

Yes, it displaces both

Question 35

What are the elements in group 0 known as?

Answer 35

The ‘Noble Gases’

Question 36

What elements make up group 0?

Answer 36

Helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon

Question 37

What are all the elements in group 0 at room temperature?

Answer 37

Colourless gases

Question 38

Are all the noble gases monatomic or diatomic?

Answer 38

Monatomic, meaning they all are made up of single atoms, not molecules

Question 39

Are noble gases really reactive?

Answer 39

No, they are more or less inert
This is because they all have full outer shells so don’t give up or gain any electrons electrons

Question 40

Are noble gases flammable?

Answer 40

No, they are non-flammable

Question 41

Why did it take so long for the noble gases to be discovered?

Answer 41

The properties of these gases were hard to observe, so they were hard to find

Question 42

What are some of the examples of noble gas usage in everyday life?

Answer 42

Can be used to provide an inert atmosphere
Argon does this in filament lamps, it stops the very hot filament from burning away
Argon, krypton and xenon are all used in flash photography to stop the flash filament from burning up
Argon/helium are used to protect metals that are being welded
Helium is used in airships and balloons

Question 43

Do the melting/boiling points and density increase or decreases as you go down group 0?

Answer 43

They all increase