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Chemistry (C4) GCSE Mock 2018/19 > Chemistry GCSE: C4 Chemical Changes > Flashcards

Chemistry GCSE: C4 Chemical Changes Flashcards

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1
Q

What pHs do alkalis have?

Which pH is the most alkali?

A

Alkalis have pHs above (greater than) 7

pH 14 is the most alkali

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2
Q

What pHs do acids have?

Which pH is the most acidic?

A

Acids have pHs below 7

pH 0 is the most acidic

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3
Q

What pH is neutral?

A

pH7

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4
Q

Give two ways that you can measure the pH of a substance.

Say which is better and why?

A

Universal indicator or a pH probe

A probe gives a more precise (and accurate) reading.

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5
Q

What colour does universal indicator go in

Strong acids

Weak acids

A

Strong acids: Red

Weak acids: Orange/yellow

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6
Q

What colour does universal indicator go in

Strong alkalis

Weak alkalis

A

Strong alkalis: Purple

Weak alkalis: Blue

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7
Q

What colour does universal indicator go in

Neutral solutions

A

Neutral solutions: Green

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8
Q

What type of ions do alkalis contain

A

Hydroxide ions (OH-)

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9
Q

What type of ions do acids contain

A

Hydrogen ions (H+)

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10
Q

What is the difference between alkalis and bases?

A

Alkalis are bases that dissolve in water

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11
Q

What do we call reactions between acids and alkalis/bases?

A

Neutralisation reactions

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12
Q

Why does adding acids and alkalis/bases together lead to neutralisation?

A

Because the hydrogen ions react with the hydroxide ions to make water.

H+ + OH- => H2O

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13
Q

Metal oxides (e.g magnesium oxide) are bases. What two other types of compunds are bases?

A

Metal hydroxides (e.g sodium hydroxide) and metal carbonates (e.g calcium carbonate).

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14
Q

What two things are made when metals react with acids?

Complete this reaction: Sulfuric acid + magnesium =>

A

A salt and hydrogen

Sulfuric acid + magnesium => magnesium sulfate + hydrogen

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15
Q

What two things are made when metal oxides or metal hydroxides react with acids?

Complete this reaction: Hydrochloric acid + iron oxide =>

A

A salt and water

Hydrochloric acid + iron oxide => iron chloride (a salt) + water

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16
Q

What three things are made when metal carbonates react with acids?

Complete this reaction: Nitric acid + calcium carbonate =>

A

A salt, water and carbon dioxide

Nitric acid + calcium carbonate => calcium nitrate + water + carbon dioxide

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17
Q

What types of salts are made using hydrochloric acid?

A

Chlorides (e.g calcium chloride)

18
Q

What types of salts are made using nitric acid?

A

Nitrates (e.g copper nitrate)

19
Q

What types of salts are made using sulfuric acid?

A

Sulfates (e.g iron sulfate)

20
Q

Put these metals in order or their reactivity: Potassium, magnesium, lithium, calcium, sodium.

Explain how you worked this out

Click here for the periodic table

A

Potassium, lithium sodium, calcium, magnesium.

Group 1 elements first (from bottom to top).

Group 2 elements next (from bottom to top)

21
Q

Learn the order of reactivity of the following elements. Cover the list and see if you can remember it.

  • Carbon (most reactive)
  • Zinc
  • Iron
  • Hydrogen
  • Copper (least reactive)
A
  • Carbon (most reactive)
  • Zinc
  • Iron
  • Hydrogen
  • Copper (least reactive)
22
Q

What two things are made when metals react with water?

Complete the following equation: Magnesium + water =>

A

Metal hydroxides and hydrogen

Magnesium + water => Magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen

23
Q

Name two metals that are found as pure metals.

Why are these metals found as pure metals?

A

Gold and silver

Because they are very unreactive.

24
Q

Most metals are not found as pure metals, they are found as metal ores. What type of compounds are metal ores.

A

Metal ores are metal oxides.

25
Q

What two methods can be used to extract metals such as iron from their metal ores/oxides?

A

Displacement using carbon

Electrolysis

26
Q

Why can carbon be used to extract zinc, iron and copper from their ores/oxides?

A

Beacuse carbon more reactive than zinc, iron, copper and so will displace them.

27
Q

Why can’t carbon be used to extract aluminium from its ore/oxide?

A

Because carbon is less reactive than aluminium.

28
Q

Why are zinc, iron and copper extracted using carbon (displacement) instead of using electrlysis?

A

Electrlysis is much more expensive because….

Melting metal ores uses lots of energy

Creating an electric current uses lots of energy

29
Q

In electrolysis, what is the charge of the anode and what is the charge of the cathode?

PANIC

A

Positive Anode

Cathode Is Negtive

30
Q

Whay does electrlysis mean?

What is it used for?

A

Using electricity (electro) to break things up (lysis).

Breaking up ionic compunds into their elements.

31
Q

In what state do ionic compounds have to be for electrolysis.

A

Liquid/molten or aqueous/dissolved/in a solution

32
Q

What does aqueous mean

A

It means that the substance is dissolved in water/in a solution.

33
Q

In electrolysis, which electrode do the non-metal ions go to?

Explain why

A

Non-metal ions go to the anode (positive electrode)

Non-metals ions have a negative charge so are attracted to the positive anode.

34
Q

In electrolysis, which electrode do the metal ions go to?

Explain why

A

Metal ions go to the cathode (negative electrode)

Metals ions have a positive charge so are attracted to the negative cathode.

35
Q

In electrolysis, what happen to negative ions when they arrive at the anode (positive electrode)?

A

They lose electrons and are discharged as atoms or molecules.

36
Q

In electrolysis, what happen to positive ions when they arrive at the cathode (negative electrode)?

A

They gain electrons and are discharged as atoms or molecules.

37
Q

What is oxidation?

A

When a substance gains oxygen (e.g if carbon gains oxygen to become carbon dioxide the carbon has been oxidised).

Higher tier: When a subtance loses electrons (OIL RIG: Oxidation is loss, reduction is gain).

38
Q
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Q
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40
Q
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Chemistry (C4) GCSE Mock 2018/19 (1 decks)

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