Chemistry; Gas and Atmospheric TEST

Question 1

Why is the atmosphere important?

Answer 1

• Contains all oxygen
• Protects us from ultraviolet solar radiation
• Creates pressure (water wouldn’t be able to exist!)
• Warms our planet

Question 2

Why do you think that initiatives to improve air quality often require the cooperation of many countries before they can be effective?

Answer 2

Airborne pollutants, causing climate change and health risks, transcend national borders, making one-sided efforts useless. Collaborative agreements become essential for the success of initiatives aimed at enhancing air quality on a global scale.

Question 3

4. Why do you think poor air quality is bad for both our physical health and the “health” of our economy?

Answer 3

• Exposure to air pollutants leads to increased healthcare costs, as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases become more prevalent

-If workers become sick, it could result in a less healthy workforce, which results in less financial gain.
-Businesses and tourists may struggle with the poor air quality

Question 4

What are the properties of a gas? (5)

Answer 4

• Expansion; can fill container
• Compressibility; compressed under pressure
• Low Density
• Rapid Diffusion; move quickly
• No Fixed Shape or Volume

Question 5

What is the Kinetic Molecular Theory? (KMT)

Answer 5

The kinetic molecular theory states that all substances contain entities that are in constant, random motion.

Question 6

What are the postulates of KMT?

Answer 6

• Gasses Consitst of Particles
• Constant Random Motion
• Negligible Volume; very small
• Elastic Collisions; no loss of kinetic energy
• No Attractive or Repulsive Forces

Question 7

What are three ways that gas particles can move?

Answer 7

• Translational (straight line)
• Rotational (stay in place but rotate)
• Vibrational

Question 8

Explain why solids have a definite shape and volume.

Answer 8

Particles in a solid vibrate around fixed locations, and strong attractions between them prevent them from moving freely.

Question 9

Why are gasses relatively easy to compress while solids are virtually incompressible?

Answer 9

Gasses are highly compressible because they possess the largest spaces between entities and the weakest intermolecular forces. Opposite for solids

Question 10

Rank the three common states of matter in order from least ordered to most ordered. How is this ranking related to the attractive forces between the entities in each state?

Answer 10

Arranged from least to most ordered, the states of matter follow the sequence: gas, liquid, and solid. The higher the attractive forces between entities, the greater the overall order within a specific state.

Question 11

Why do gasses and liquids flow, while solids do not?

Answer 11

In solids, the strongest attractive forces among entities prevent movement, disallowing any flow. Whereas, in liquids and gasses, where attractive forces are weaker than in solids, entities can move past one another, enabling flow within these states.

Question 12

How is temperature related to the motion of entities?

Answer 12

As temperature increases, the motion of the entities increases.

Question 13

How does heating change the motion and temperature of the entities of a particular substance?

Answer 13

As entities are heated, their motion increases and their average kinetic energy (temperature) also increases.

Question 14

What are the four major layers of the Earths Atmosphere?

Answer 14

• Troposphere
• Stratosphere
• Mesosphere
• Thermosphere

Question 15

What is the significance of the Troposphere?

Answer 15

-weather events occur
-contains the highest concentration of water vapour.

Question 16

What is the significance of the Stratosphere?

Answer 16

-ozone layer, which absorbs and scatters ultraviolet solar radiation
-protecting life on Earth from harmful UV rays.

Question 17

What is the significance of the Mesosphere?

Answer 17

-where most meteorites burn up upon entering the Earth’s atmosphere.

Question 18

What is the significance of the Thermosphere?

Answer 18

-Characterized by a significant increase in temperature with altitude, but the density of gas particles is extremely low.
-where the Northern and Southern Lights occur.

Question 19

What are the major Gases in Earth’s Atmosphere? (5)

Answer 19

-Nitrogen
-Oxygen
-Argon
-Carbon Dioxide
-Neon

Question 20

Why are oxygen masks immediately deployed on passenger aircraft if the cabin pressure drops?

Answer 20

At elevated altitudes, pressure of oxygen decreases, posing a risk to passengers. The oxygen masks provide a supply of oxygen, allowing passengers to breathe safely until the aircraft descends to a lower altitude where atmospheric pressure is sufficient for normal respiration.

Question 21

Why does the temperature of the atmosphere vary as altitude increases?

Answer 21

The variation in temperature with altitude results from the behavior of gasses in the Earth’s atmosphere. As air rises, it expands and cools adiabatically, leading to a decrease in temperature. This works in the opposite way as well.

Question 22

Suggest three ways you can reduce your carbon dioxide emissions in your daily living

Answer 22

-Reduce Energy Consumption
-opt for Sustainable Transportation
-Practice Sustainable Consumption

Question 23

How do you think buying and eating locally grown food might help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions?

Answer 23

Buying locally grown food provides environmental benefits by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
-Local produce requires less transportation
-local farming practices often use fewer chemicals and less energy, leading to a reduced overall carbon footprint.

Question 24

Who created the Barometer? What was the first liquid used?

Answer 24

So, Galileo created the barometer first, but it was not called that. He also put water in it. Torricelli proposed that the barometer be called that and that they put mercury in it.

Question 25

What is Atmospheric Pressure

Answer 25

also known as air pressure, is the force exerted by the weight of the air molecules above a specific point on the Earth’s surface. It decreases with increasing altitude and is measured in units such as atmospheres (atm), pascals (Pa), or millimetres of mercury (mmHg).

Question 26

Standard Pressure

Answer 26

the atmospheric pressure at sea level, which is approximately 1 atmosphere (atm), 101.325 kilopascals (kPa), or 760 millimetres of mercury (mmHg). standard conditions.

Question 27

Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)

Answer 27

reference conditions used in chemistry and physics. STP is defined as a temperature of 0 degrees Celsius (273.15 Kelvin) and a pressure of 1 atmosphere (atm) or 101.325 kilopascals (kPa). These standardized conditions allow for consistent comparisons of gas properties.

Question 28

Standard Ambient Temperature and Pressure (SATP)

Answer 28

another set of reference conditions commonly used in chemistry. SATP is defined as a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius (298.15 Kelvin) and a pressure of 1 atmosphere (atm) or 101.325 kilopascals (kPa). SATP provides an alternative standard for gas properties under different temperature conditions than STP.