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Chemistry > Chemistry Flashcards > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an atom?

A

An atom is contained in the nucleus are the protons and neutrons. Moving around the nucleus are the electrons shells. They are negatively charged.

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2
Q

What is the charge for Proton,Neutron,Electron

A

Proton- +1
Neutron- 0
Electron- -1

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3
Q

What is a Mixture?

A

A mixture is there are no chemical bonds, so the elements are easy to separate. Examples of mixtures are air and salt water.

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4
Q

What are Elements?

A

Elements are made of atoms with the same atomic number. Atoms can be represented as symbols.
N= Nitrogen
F= Fluorine
Zn= Zinc
Ca= Calcium

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5
Q

What is an isotope?

A

An isotope is an element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons, They have the same atomic number, but different mass number.

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6
Q

Chemical Equations

A

A chemical reaction can be shown by using a word equation an example of this is magnesium + oxygen -> Magnesium oxide.
On the left hand side are the reactants, and the right hand side are the products.

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7
Q

What is crude oil?

A

Crude oil is a mixture it contains hundreds of different compounds some are small but most of large.

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8
Q

What are Alkanes?

A

These are saturated hydrocarbons- hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds.

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9
Q

What are alkenes?

A

Contain one or more carbon- carbon double bonds

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10
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A molecule made of carbon and hydrogen only

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11
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A number of different substances mixed together but not chemically joined

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12
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A substance that speeds up the rate of reaction without being used up

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13
Q

What are properties?

A

Properties are the way that a chemical behaves. For example it’s boiling point or melting point

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14
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

A method of separating a mixture of liquids that have different boiling points

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15
Q

What’s a volatile?

A

It evaporates easily

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16
Q

What is boiling point?

A

The temperature at which a liquid boils

17
Q

What is a fraction?

A

A fraction is a set of hydrocarbon molecules of similar size

18
Q

What is the general formula for an alkane?

A

CnH2n + 2

19
Q

What does combustion mean?

A

Burning : when a substance reacts with oxygen to produce light and heat.

20
Q

What is complete combustion?

A

Complete combustion happens when there is a good supply of air. Carbon and hydrogen atoms.

21
Q

What are the 5 different fractions?

A

Petrol
Kerosine
Diesel
Fuel oil
Bitumen

22
Q

How does fractional distillation work?

A

A tall fractioning column is fitted above the mixture, with several condensers coming off at different heights. The column is hot at the bottom and cool at the top. Substances with high boiling points condense at the bottom and substances with lower boiling points condense on the way to the top.

23
Q

How do we make crude oil useful?

A

By separating the different length hydrocarbons into fraction with similar properties and uses by fractional distillation.

24
Q

What are 2 products for complete combustion for alkane?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

25
Q

What is incomplete combustion?

A

Incomplete combustion occurs when the supply of air or oxygen is poor. Water is still produced, but carbon monoxide and carbon are produced instead of carbon dioxide.

26
Q

What happens in cracking?

A

An alkane is broken down into two smaller hydrocarbon chains.

27
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

A pure substance consists of only one element or one compound.

28
Q

What is Formulations?

A

Formulations are mixtures that have been designed to be a useful product.

29
Q

What is a solvent?

A

The liquid in which a substance dissolves

30
Q

What is a solvent front?

A

The distance that the solvent moves to on the filter paper.

31
Q

What is chromatography?

A

A method used to separate different soluble substances dissolved in a liquid.

Chemistry (3 decks)

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