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IGCSE > Chemistry finals > Flashcards

Chemistry finals Flashcards

1
Q

What is polymers made of

A

monomers

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2
Q

How do you test for alkenes

A

bromine water will change from brown to colourless

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3
Q

side effects of carbon monoxide

A

Carbon monoxide attaches to haemoglobin and reduces the ability to carry oxygen

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4
Q

Name the 6 different crude oil fractions and uses

A

Petroleum gas: domestic heating
Petrol: car
kerosene: planes
diesel: trucks
heavy fuel oil: ships
bitumen: road surfacing

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5
Q

wat 3 factors will change as the numbers of carbons will increase

A

Visosity increase
Colour darker
Melting and boiling increases

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6
Q

name the first 6 alkanes

A

methane
ethane
propane
butane
pentane
hexane

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7
Q

definition of hydrocarbons

A

a compound that only contains only hydrogen and carbon

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8
Q

name 2 reversible reactions

A

thermal decomposition of ammonium chloride
copper sulfate

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9
Q

How do catalyst speed up reaction

A

A catalyst provides an alternative reaction pathway that has a lower activation energy than the uncatalysed reaction

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10
Q

What are the 4 factors that affect rate of reaction

A

Concentration
Temp
SA
Catalyst

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11
Q

Formula to calculate heat energy change

A

Q = M x C x T

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12
Q

What is endothermic reaction

A

chemical reactions in which the reactants absorb heat energy from the surroundings to form products.

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13
Q

What is exothermic reaction

A

When energy is transferred to the surroundings

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14
Q

Test and result for
Water

A

anhydrous copper sulfate will turn from white to blue if water is present

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15
Q

what is test for chloride, bromide and iodide

A

add dilute nitric acid

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16
Q

positive result for chloride

A

white

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17
Q

positive result for bromide

A

cream

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18
Q

positive result for iodide

A

yellow

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19
Q

test and result for iron(iii)

A

Sodium Hydroxide
Red-brown

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20
Q

test and result for iron

A

Sodium hydroxide
Green preciptate

21
Q

Test and result for copper

A

Sodium hydroxide
Blue preciptate

22
Q

colour of flame when copper added

A

green

23
Q

colour of flame when calcium

A

orange-red

24
Q

colour of flame when potassium

A

lilac

25
Q

colour of flame when sodium

A

yellow

26
Q

colour of flame when lithium

A

red

27
Q

test and result for chlorine

A

blue litmus
paper is bleached

28
Q

test and result for ammonia

A

red litmus
turns blue

29
Q

Colour of phenol-phthalien paper in
acid, alkali and neutral

A

acid: colourless
alkali: pink
Neutral: colour-less

30
Q

3 ways to prevent rusting

A

Barrier method - painting, grease, oil
Galvanising - apply layer of zinc, zinc more reactive so it will oxidise first
Sacrificial method - cover with more reactive metal

31
Q

What is thermal decomposition

A

Thermal decomposition is the term used to describe reactions where a substance breaks down due to the action of heat

32
Q

what colour is iodine and what is the state at room temp

A

black and solid

33
Q

what colour is bromine and what is the state at room temp

A

brown and liquid

34
Q

what colour is chlorine and what is the state at room temp

A

yellow and gas

35
Q

what colour is fluorine and what is the state at room temp

A

Yellow and gas

36
Q

Which halogen is liquid room temp

A

Bromine

37
Q

What does
Metal + water form

A

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

38
Q

what does
Metal + acid form

A

salt + hydrogen

39
Q

What does
metal + oxygen form

A

metal oxide

40
Q

State the 3 properties of diamond

A

It doesnt conduct electricity
high melting and boiling point
High density

41
Q

Explain why graphite can conduct electricity

A

electrons migrate along the layers and are free to move and carry charge, hence graphite can conduct electricity

42
Q

What is an ionic bond

A

The positive and negative charges are held together by the strong electrostatic forces of attraction between a non-metals and a metal

43
Q

What is a covalent bond

A

A covalent bond consists of the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between 2 non-metals

44
Q

What is a negative ion called

A

anions

45
Q

What is a positive ion called

A

cation

46
Q

What is a mole

A

A ‘mole’ simply refers to the amount of a certain substance

47
Q

What is a isotope

A

Isotopes are atoms which have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

48
Q

formula for molar mass

A

Mr = m/n
n= amount of moles
m= mass
mr= molar mass

49
Q

Describe what will happen to the particles in a room with a radiator
refer to convection

A

The particles next to the radiator will gain heat energy causing these particles to move faster and move apart from one another. This makes the hot air expand and become less dense, causing it to rise and displace colder air. The colder air will fall to spot next to the radiator and itself heat up and rise. This creates cycles of fluid movement which we call convection currents

IGCSE (3 decks)

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