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Finals junior > Chemistry final > Flashcards

Chemistry final Flashcards

1
Q

Who is known as the Father of Modern Chemistry?

A

Antoine Lavoisier

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2
Q

The study of matter and the changes it undergoes is known as?

A

Chemistry

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3
Q

What is the mandate that calls us to have wise dominion over the earth?

A

Creation mandate

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4
Q

What is an idea or hypothesis that has been consistently tested and proven?

A

Theory

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5
Q

What type of data uses numerical data?

A

Quantitative

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6
Q

What theory states that hypothesis should be simple as possible

A

Ockham’s razor

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7
Q

The ability of matter to transfer heat is known as?

A

Conductivity

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8
Q

Which type of science probes nature simply to learn new things?

A

Pure

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9
Q

Which property of a material are determined by how it’s particles relate to one another?

A

Physical

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10
Q

Distinct groups of atoms bonded together are called:

A

Molecules

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11
Q

What type of mixture only shows a single phrase?

A

Homogeneous

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12
Q

What is the kinetic energy of atom-sized particles as they move in random directions?

A

Thermal Energy

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13
Q

What is the unit of measurement for energy?

A

Joules

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14
Q

The S.I.’s base unit for measurement is the?

A

Meter

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15
Q

What is the base unit for mass

A

Kilograms

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16
Q

How many base units are in the metric system

A

7

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17
Q

How many significant digits are in 300 km

A

1 it is the 3 because it has 0s trailing it and no numbers after

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18
Q

What principle states that we can know both the energy and the location of an electron at the same time

A

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

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19
Q

Who was able to build an atomic model based on experimental evidence?

A

John Dalton

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20
Q

Who is the modern periodic table credited to?

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

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21
Q

Determine the oxidation number of H2O, NH3, CaO

A

H2O - H=+1 O=-2
NH3 - H=+1 N=-3
CaO - Ca=+2 O=-2

22
Q 
Write the chemical formulas of:
Copper (II) Chloride 
Aluminum arsenide 
Sodium sulfate 
Use a periodic table
A

CuCl2
AlAs
Na2SO4

23
Q

Name the following binary covalent compounds
CO
SO2
OF2

A

Carbon monoxide
Sulfur dioxide
Oxygen difluoride

24
Q

Name the binary covalent compounds
CaO
naBr
Ca3N2

A

Calcium oxide
Sodium bromide
Calcium nitride

25
Q

Name the following polyatomic ionic compounds
Be(OH2)
SrSO3

A

Beryllium hydroxide

Strontium sulfate

26
Q

Balance this:

_S8+_O2—>_SO3

A

4,10,11

27
Q

Balance this:

_CH4+_O2—->_P2O5

A

1,2,1,2

28
Q

Balance this:

_P+_O2—>_P2O5

A

4,5,2

29
Q

Balance this:

_H2O+_O2—>_P2O5

A

2,1,2

30
Q

_N2+_H2—>_NH3

A

1,3,2

31
Q

Atoms naturally link with other atoms to form:

A

Chemical bonds

32
Q

Which bonds are formed by sharing electrons?

A

Covalent

33
Q

What is the octet rule?

A

Atoms trying to have 8 valence electrons to be stable

34
Q

Atoms that bond using delocalized electrons form:

A

Metallic bonds

35
Q

What is the tendency of an object to form 2 localized regions of opposite character?

A

Polarity

36
Q

A single line in a Lewis structure represents what?

A

A pair of electrons

37
Q

By obtaining a full valence shells, atoms maximize stability

A

True

38
Q

Atoms with fewer than 4 valence electrons tend to gain more electrons

A

False , lose

39
Q

Covalent bonds are typically between 2 metals.

A

False , gases

40
Q

Delocalized electrons act like glue in metallic bonds

A

True

41
Q

What theory states that when the 2 bonding orbitals are superimposed, the overlapping space containing both electrons becomes available to both nuclei, and both atoms acquire another valence electron that fills the vacancy in that particular orbital?

A

Molecular orbital theory

42
Q

This theory suggests that the orbitals of a molecules atoms are replaced by totally new orbitals when a molecule

A

VSEPR theory

43
Q

Which theory focuses on the locations of highest electron density surrounding the central atom in a molecule and those areas of negativity electrical charge repel each other until they are are as far apart as is geometrically possible?

A

VSEPR theory

44
Q

What is orbital hybridization

A

When orbitals of different energies combine together to form new orbitals

45
Q

In a Lewis diagram the arrow with a plus sign points towards what?

A

The atom with the higher electronegativity

46
Q

What describes the magnitude and direction of molecular polarity?

A

Dipole Moment

47
Q

Which shape is a Y-shaped arrangement with all 4 atoms lying on a single plane?

A

Trigonal planar

48
Q

What type of bond is pi?

A

two separate regions overlap, they are both part of one bonding orbital containing two electrons. A side-to-side orbital

49
Q

molecule with two concentrations of electrons around the central
atom has a

A

Linear shape

50
Q

What is a name of Mrs. Glovers cat

A

Zoey

Finals junior (6 decks)

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