Chemistry (final)

Question 1

What are historical examples of how humans worked with chemicals?

Answer 1

• Food Preservation
• Medicine
• Metallurgy

Question 2

Atoms…

Answer 2

• Are the smallest fundamental particle of matter
• Have mass and take up space

Question 3

Aristotle

Answer 3

4 elements

Question 4

Jon Dalton (model)

Answer 4

Billiard ball

Question 5

John Dalton (theory)

Answer 5

Atoms are solid indestructible spheres (like billiard balls)

Atoms of an element have similar properties

Question 6

John Dalton (year)

Answer 6

1803

Question 7

JJ Thompson (model)

Answer 7

Plum pudding model

Question 8

JJ Thompson (Theory)

Answer 8

Proposed that all atoms are made of a positively charged sphere with negative particles embedded in it

Question 9

JJ Thompson (year)

Answer 9

1904

Question 10

JJ Thompson (technology)

Answer 10

Cathode Ray Tube

Question 11

Ernest Rutherford (model)

Answer 11

Beehive/nuclear model

Question 12

Ernest Rutherford (theory)

Answer 12

Nucleus (positive) with electrons (negative) that move around the nucleus

Atoms are mostly empty space

Question 13

Ernest Rutherford (year)

Answer 13

1911

Question 14

Ernest Rutherford (technology)

Answer 14

Particle emmiter - Gold foil experiment - 1 in 1000 particles were deflected

Question 15

Niels Bohr (model)

Answer 15

Energy levels/ planetary model

Question 16

Niels Bohr (theory)

Answer 16

Electrons surround the nucleus of an atom in specific orbits that have specific energy levels

When electrons fall they release energy

Question 17

Niels Bohr (year)

Answer 17

1913

Question 18

Niels Bohr (technology)

Answer 18

Emission Spectrum

Question 19

Erwin Schrödinger (model)

Answer 19

Electron clouds/quantum mode

Question 20

Erwin Schrödinger (theory)

Answer 20

develops a mathematical equation to describe the motion of electrons in atoms

Question 21

Erwin Schrödinger (year)

Answer 21

1926

Question 22

James Chadwick (year)

Answer 22

1932

Question 23

James Chadwick (theory)

Answer 23

Confirms existence of neutron (have no charge)

Atomic nuclei contain neutrons and positively charged protons

Question 24

Modern day Quantum theory

Answer 24

Analogy of a beehive where bees are electrons move around the nucleus in a “cloud” of energy levels

Question 25

Octet Rule

Answer 25

outermost (valence) energy level of electrons is full

gain lose or share electrons to satisfy octet rule

only naturally stable are noble gases

Question 26

Ions

Answer 26

Charged atoms that have gained lost or shared electrons in order to stabilize

Question 27

Cation

Answer 27

Positive charged ions

formed when a atom loses electrons

Question 28

Anion

Answer 28

Negatively charged ions

formed when an atom gains electrons

Question 29

Ionic Compound

Answer 29

Made of oppositely charged ions that are electrostatically attracted to one another (ionic bond)

electrons must be transferred

creates cation and anion

Question 30

Formula unit

Answer 30

Smallest ratio of cation to anion

Question 31

Crystal lattice

Answer 31

3D arrangement of cation and anion (solid)