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Final - Chemistry > Chemistry Final > Flashcards

Chemistry Final Flashcards

1
Q

The amount of space occupied by a substance is?

A

Volume

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2
Q

A measure of the quantity of material it contains

A

Mass

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3
Q

1 L = ? mL

A

1000mL

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4
Q

1 L = ? qt

A

1.06 qt

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5
Q

946 mL = ? qt

A

1 qt

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6
Q

1 kg = ? g

A

1000 g

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7
Q

1 kg = ? lb

A

2.20 lb

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8
Q

454 g = ? lb

A

1 lb

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9
Q

A number is a significant figure if it is? 3 things

A

1-not a zero
2-one or more zeros between nonzero digits
3-one or more zeros at the end of a decimal #

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10
Q

A zero is not significant if it is?

A

1-at the beginning of a decimal #

2-used as a placeholder in a large # without a decimal point

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11
Q

1 ft = ? in

A

12 in

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12
Q

1 qt = ? cups

A

4 cups

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13
Q

1 lb = ? oz

A

16 oz

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14
Q

1 m = ? cm

A

100cm

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15
Q

1 kg = ? g

A

1000 g

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16
Q

How many sig figs should be written in a multiplication/division problem?

A

answer should have the same number of sig figs as the measurement with the fewest sig figs

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17
Q

How many sig figs should be written in an addition/subtraction problem?

A

the final answer is written so it has the same number of decimal places as the measurement having the fewest decimal places

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18
Q

Kilo =

A

1000 or 10x3

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19
Q

mega =

A

1 000 000 or 10x6

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20
Q

giga =

A

1 000 000 000 or 10x9

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21
Q

deci =

A

0.1 or 10x-1

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22
Q

centi=

A

0.01 or 10x-2

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23
Q

milli=

A

0.001 or 10x-3

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24
Q

micro=

A

0.000 001 or 10x-6

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25
Q

1 mile = ? ft

A

5280 feet

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26
Q

1 in = ? cm

A

2.54 cm

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27
Q

1 m = ? in

A

39.4 in

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28
Q

1 km = ? mi

A

0.621 mi

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29
Q

Density = ?

A

Mass of substance / volume of substance

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30
Q

How do you convert Farhreheit to Celsuis?

A

Tc=Tf-32/1.8

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31
Q

How do you convert Celsius to Fahrenheit?

A

Tf=1.8*(Tc) + 32

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32
Q

How do you convert Celsius to Kelvin?

A

Tk=Tc+273

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33
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

matter t hat has a fixed or constant composition

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34
Q

What is an element?

A

The simplest type of a pure substance, is composed of only one kind of material.

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35
Q

What is a compound?

A

Also a pure substance, but it consists of two or more elements chemically combined in the same proportion.

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36
Q

What is a mixture?

A

two or more substances are physically mixed, but not chemically combined

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37
Q

What is a homogeneous mixture?

A

The composition is uniform throughout the sample: air, salt water

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38
Q

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A

The components do not have a uniform composition: oil and water, raisins in a cookie, pulp in orange juice

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39
Q

What characteristics do a solid have?

A

definite shape and volume. particles are arranged in such a rigid pattern, their only movement is to vibrate slowly in their fixed positions

40
Q

What characteristics do a liquid have?

A

definite volume but not a definite shape. The particles move slowly in random directions

41
Q

What characteristics does gas have?

A

does not have a definite shape or volume. The particles are far apart, have little attraction to each other, and move at extremely high speeds

42
Q

What is the proper shielding from Alpha particles?

A

Paper, clothing

43
Q

What is the proper shielding from Beta particles

A

Heavy clothing, lab coat, gloves

44
Q

What is the proper shielding from gammy rays?

A

Lead, thick concrete

45
Q

What is the polyatomic ion name for OH-

A

Hydroxide

46
Q

What is the polyatomic ion name for NO3-

A

Nitrate

47
Q

What is the polyatomic ion name for NH4+

A

Ammonium

48
Q

What is the polyatomic ion name for ClO3-

A

Chlorate

49
Q

What is the polyatomic ion name for CO3 2-

A

Carbonate

50
Q

What is the polyatomic ion name for SO4 2-

A

Sulfate

51
Q

What is the polyatomic ion name for PO4 3-

A

Phosphate

52
Q

What is a nonpolar covalent bond?

A

a covalent bond between atoms with identical or similar electronegativity values

53
Q

What is a polar covalent bond?

A

bonds between atoms with different elecronegativity values, the electrons are shared unequally

54
Q

What is an Ionic bond?

A

A bond between a metal and a nonmetal

55
Q

2 bonded atoms with no lone pairs is what shape?

A

Linear, 180 degrees

56
Q

3 bonded atoms with no lone pairs is what shape?

A

Trigonal planar, 120 degrees

57
Q

2 bonded atoms with 1 lone pair is what shape?

A

Bent, 120 degrees

58
Q

4 bonded atoms with no lone pairs is what shape?

A

Tetrahedral, 109 degrees

59
Q

3 bonded atoms with 1 lone pair is what shape?

A

Trigonal pyramidal, 109 degrees

60
Q

2 bonded atoms with 2 lone pair is what shape?

A

Bend, 109 degrees

61
Q

A + B > AB is what type of reaction?

A

Combination reaction

62
Q

AB > A + B is what type of reaction?

A

Decomposition

63
Q

A + BC > AC + B is what type of reaction?

A

Single replacement

64
Q

AB + CD > AD + CB is what type of reaction?

A

Double replacement

65
Q

What type of reaction is a combustion reaction?

A

When a carbon containing compound produces carbon dioxide and water

66
Q

Oxidation means what?

A

Loss of electrons, becomes more positive, in a biological system it is a loss of hydrogen and a gain in Oxygen

67
Q

Reduction means what?

A

Gain in electrons, becomes more negative, in a biological system it is a gain in hydrogen and a loss in oxygen

68
Q

How do you find molar mass of a element?

A

It is the bottom number on the periodic table

69
Q

How do you find the molar mass of a compound?

A

Add up all of the molar mass numbers found in the compound.

70
Q

When calculating from grams of an element to moles of an element what do you use?

A

Molar Mass

71
Q

When calculating moles of an element to Atoms what do you use?

A

Avogadro’s number

72
Q

When calculating moles of a compound to Molecules for a formula what do you use?

A

Avogadro’s number

73
Q

How do you calculate percent yield?

A

Percent yield=actual yield/theoretical yield X 100%

74
Q

What happens in an Exothermic Reaction?

A

Heat is released, heat in the equation is on the product side

75
Q

What happens in an Endothermic Reaction?

A

Heat is absorbed, heat is on the reactant side

76
Q

Absolute zero is?

A

the coldest temperature possible

77
Q

When a solid is converted directly to a gas, the change of state is called?

A

sublimation

78
Q

What is a characteristic of the modern periodic table?

A

the elements in each group have similar chemical properties

79
Q

What is a characteristic of nonmetals?

A

low melting points

80
Q

Semiconductors are located in the periodic table on (or in) the ?

A

line dividing metals from nonmetals in the table

81
Q

The smallest particle of an element that retains the characteristics of the element is?

A

Atom

82
Q

In an atom, the nucleus contains?

A

all the protons and neutrons

83
Q

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have?

A

the same atomic number but different numbers of neutrons

84
Q

Ionization energy is?

A

the energy needed to remove the least tightly bound electron

85
Q

The damaging effects of radiation on the body are a result of?

A

the formation of unstable ions or radicals

86
Q

If absorbed internally, alpha particles emitters are the most damaging because alpha particles?

A

have the greatest mass

87
Q

A nuclear equation is balanced when?

A

the sum of the mass numbers and the sum of the atomic numbers of the particles and atoms are the same on both sides of the equation

88
Q

The octet rule indicates that?

A

atoms lose, gain, or share valence electrons to have 8 valence electrons

89
Q

In ionic compounds ? lose their valence electrons to form postiviely charged?

A

metals; cations

90
Q

An anion always?

A

has a negative charge

91
Q

The ? is the minimum energy needed for a chemical reaction to begin?

A

activation energy

92
Q

The amount of space occupied by a substance is its?

A

volume

93
Q

the measurement of the gravitational pull on an object is its?

A

weight

94
Q

The cubic centimeter has the same volume as?

A

millilter

95
Q

1 cal = ? J

A

4.184j

Final - Chemistry (1 decks)

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