Chemistry final

Question 1

Chemical Bond

Answer 1

attractons between nuclei of one atom and the valence electrons of another atom

Question 2

Ionic bond

Answer 2

Transfer electrons
Metal and nonmetal

Question 3

Cation

Answer 3

Positive ion

Question 4

Anion

Answer 4

Negative ion

Question 5

Octet rule

Answer 5

Atoms must have 8 valence electrons

Question 6

Polyatomic ions

Answer 6

2 or more different atoms covalently bonded together with an overall charge

Question 7

Transition metal ions

Answer 7

Capable of forming more than one cation with a different ionic charge
ex: Iron(II), Fe(OH)2

Question 8

Lattice energy

Answer 8

Energy required to completely separate a solid ionic compound into ions.

Question 9

Ionic solids

Answer 9

Composed of cations and anions held together by electrostatic forces
ex: (CsCl) (ZnS)

Question 10

Conductivity

Answer 10

Allows charged particles to flow through it with out significant resistance

Question 11

Metallic solids

Answer 11

Solids composed of metal atoms that are held together by metallic bonds

Question 12

Metallic bonds

Answer 12

Bond between metals

Question 13

Interstitial Alloys

Answer 13

Different metal occupies interstitial spaces (holes) in the lattice structure (Fill in)

Question 14

Substitutional Alloys

Answer 14

Atoms of one metal are substituted by atoms of another metal (Substitute)

Question 15

Covalent bonding

Answer 15

Metal+nonmetal

Question 16

Electronegativity

Answer 16

Ability of an atom to attract electrons when bonded with another atom

Question 17

Nonpolar covalent bonds

Answer 17

Atoms with equal pull bonding electrons SHARED EQUALLY

Question 18

Polar covalent bonds

Answer 18

Bonding electrons are SHARED UNEQUALLY, creating a dipole

Question 19

7 diatomic elements

Answer 19

Hydrogen nitrogen
oxygen fluorine
chlorine bromine
iodine

Question 20

Dipole moments

Answer 20

Measure of polarity of a chemical bond between 2 atoms in a molecule

Question 21

Bond length

Answer 21

Distance between the centers of 2 covalently bonded atoms

Question 22

Strength of polarity

Answer 22

Determined by the magnitude of the difference in electronegativity

Question 23

Lewis Structure

Answer 23

Representation of the valence shell electrons in a molecule

Question 24

Formal charge

Answer 24

(valence e-s)-(dots)-(lines)
describes charges if all atoms shared perfectly equally.

Question 25

Octet rule exceptions

Answer 25

Ions or molecules with less than an octet (Boron) Ionc or molecules with more than 8 valence electrons (expended octet) (Phosphorus, Sulfur Selenium)

Question 26

Polar molecules

Answer 26

Molecule where one end is slightly positive and one end is slightly negative

Question 27

Covalent solids

Answer 27

Discrete individual molecules held together by weak intermolecular forces