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Chemistry > Chemistry Final > Flashcards

Chemistry Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Give an example of an extensive physical property.

A

depends on the amount: mass, length, volume, or amount of energy

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2
Q

A process that absorbs heat is called _____.

A

endothermic

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3
Q

A combination of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties is called _____.

A

mixture

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4
Q

The vertical columns of elements in the periodic table are called _____.

A

groups or families

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5
Q

Is kool-aid a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture?

A

homogeneous mixture

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6
Q

Another name for a homogeneous mixture is _____.

A

solution

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7
Q

Give an example of a nonmetal.

A

He, C, N, O, F, Ne, P, S, Cl, Ar, Se, Br, Kr, I, Xe, At, Rn, H, Ts, Og

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8
Q

The study of matter and the changes matter undergoes is called _____.

A

chemistry

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9
Q

Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) is an example of a _____.

A

compound

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10
Q

Give an example of an intensive physical property.

A

does not depend on amount: color, density, odor, texture, melting point, freezing point, boiling point, malleability, ductility, electrical and heat conductivity

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11
Q

The name for substances that undergo a chemical reaction is _____.

A

reactants

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12
Q

A solid that separates out when two liquids solutions are mixed is called _____.

A

precipitate

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13
Q

A process that releases heat is called _____.

A

exothermic

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14
Q

There are 4 indications of a chemical reaction given that we discussed in the notes, give 3 of the 4.

A

giving off heat or light production of a gas-forming a precipitate color change

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15
Q

Anything that has mass and takes up space is called _____.

A

matter

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16
Q

This is made from the atoms of 2 or more elements that are chemically bonded.

A

compound

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17
Q

Give an example of a metalloid.

A

B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po

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18
Q

The horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table are called _____.

A

periods

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19
Q

The measure of the amount of matter is called _____.

A

mass

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20
Q

This is done for the sake of gaining knowledge or satisfying your curiosity.

A

basic research

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21
Q

Give an example of a physical change.

A

cutting, grinding, expanding, melting, freezing, boiling, dissolving, evaporating, bending

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22
Q

Give an example of metal.

A

any element to the left of the stair step line except Ge, Sb, and H

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23
Q

This is done for the sake of improving the quality of human life.

A

technological development

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24
Q

This is done for the sake of solving a problem.

A

applied research

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25
Q

Give an example of a heterogeneous mixture.

A

rocks and water, a snow globe, salt and pepper, tossed salad, vegetable soup

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26
Q

A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance is called _____.

A

physical property

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27
Q

A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances is called _____.

A

chemical change or a chemical reaction

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28
Q

A change in the substance that does not involve changing its identity is called _____.

A

physical change

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29
Q

Relates to the ability of a substance to undergo changes that transform it into different substances and is called _____.

A

chemical property

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30
Q

Chemical or Physical property:
magnesium metal has the ability to burn

A

chemical property

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31
Q

Chemical or Physical change:
baking soda and vinegar produce carbon dioxide gas

A

chemical change

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32
Q

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances and is made of one type of atom is called _____.

A

element

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33
Q

The SI base unit for mass is _____.

A

kilogram

34
Q

A measurement that closely agrees with the accepted value is _____.

A

accurate

35
Q

How many significant figures: 0.000890 m

A

3 (the 8, 9, and 0 on the end)

36
Q

Variables when divided one by the other give a constant value that are _____ proportional.

A

directly

37
Q

This refers to the agreement among a set of measurements all made the same way.

A

precision

38
Q

Variables when multiplied one by the other give a constant value that is _____ proportional.

A

inversely

39
Q

A unit that is obtained from the combination of SI units is called _____.

A

derived unit

40
Q

The SI base unit for length is _____.

A

Meter

41
Q

The SI base unit for length is _____.

A

Meter

42
Q

Does the mathematical expression: V / T = k, represent a direct or inverse proportion?

A

direct proportion

43
Q

As x increases, y increases, or as x decreases, y decreases is a(n) _________ proportion.

A

direct

44
Q

As x increases, y decreases, or as x decreases, y increases are a(n) _________ proportion

A

inverse

45
Q

Atoms of the same element that have different masses because they have different numbers of _____ are called _____.

A

neutrons, isotopes

46
Q

Finish this statement…An atom is electrically neutral because _____.

A

it has the same number of protons as electrons

47
Q

Which subatomic particle determines the identity of an element and what charge does it have?

A

protons are positive

48
Q

The mass of one mole of a pure substance is called the _____.

A

molar mass

49
Q

All isotopes of hydrogen have the same number of _____.

A

protons

50
Q

The number of particles in exactly one mole of a pure substance is called _____.

A

Avogadro’s number

51
Q

State the Law of Conservation of Mass.

A

Mass is neither created nor destroyed during ordinary chemical or physical changes.

52
Q

The amount of a substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12 is called _____.

A

a mole

53
Q

The distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves is called _____.

A

wavelength

54
Q

The term for all forms of energy that exhibit wavelike behavior as they travel through space.

A

electromagnetic radiation

55
Q

A particle of electromagnetic radiation with a quantum of energy is called _____.

A

a photon

56
Q

Wavelength and frequency are _____ proportional.

A

inversely

57
Q

Energy and frequency are _____ proportional.

A

directly

58
Q

The lowest energy state of an atom.

A

ground state

59
Q

The minimum quantity of energy that can be lost or gained by an atom is called _____.

A

quantum

60
Q

_____ states that it is impossible to determine the position and velocity of an electron.

A

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

61
Q

This is the name of the quantum number that represents the orientation of an orbital about the nucleus.

A

magnetic quantum number

62
Q

This is the name of the quantum number that indicates the 2 possible states of an electron.

A

spin quantum number

63
Q

This is the name of the quantum number that indicates the shapes of the orbitals.

A

angular momentum quantum number

64
Q

The number of waves passing a given point per second.

A

frequency

65
Q

Define the excited state of an atom.

A

atom has higher potential energy

66
Q

States that an electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can receive it.

A

Aufbau Principle

67
Q

States that no two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.

A

Pauli Exclusion Principle

68
Q

States that orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any orbital is occupied by two electrons. All singly occupied orbitals must have the same spin.

A

Hund’s Rule

69
Q

Mendeleev arranged the periodic table according to _____.

A

increasing atomic mass

70
Q

The rare-earth elements are found in block _____ and are also called _____.

A

f lanthanides

71
Q

Defined as ½ the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together.

A

atomic radius

72
Q

The energy change that occurs when an electron is acquired by a neutral atom is _____.

A

electron affinity

73
Q

A positive ion is called a(n) _____.

A

cation

74
Q

Give an example of a cation using the correct format for writing an ion.

A

things such as Ca2+

75
Q

If you create an anion the radius of the atom becomes _____ because _____.

A

larger because adding electrons creates a larger electron cloud

76
Q

True or False: Metals tend to form cations.

A

true

77
Q

A negative ion is called a(n) _____.

A

anion

78
Q

If you create a cation the radius of the atom becomes _____ because _____.

A

smaller because losing electrons creates a smaller electron cloud

79
Q

The measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons from another atom is called _____.

A

electronegativity

80
Q

When elements are arranged by increasing atomic number, elements with similar chemical and physical properties line up in groups is a statement of _____.

A

periodic law

81
Q

The energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom of an element is called _____.

A

ionization energy

Chemistry (4 decks)

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