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Exámenes Finales 9° > Chemistry - Examen Final > Flashcards

Chemistry - Examen Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is chemistry?

A

The science that studies the matter and the change that it undergoes

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2
Q

What is matter?

A

Is anything that has mass and takes up space

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3
Q

What is energy?

A

Is the ability to do work or produce heat

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4
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

Matter with a uniform and unchanging composition

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5
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Is a combination of 2 or more pure substances in which each one retains its individual chemical properties

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6
Q

What is a physical change?

A

When you alter a substance without changing its composition

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7
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

Process that involves 1 or more substances changing into new substances

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8
Q

What are the subatomic particles?

A

The electron, proton and the neutron

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9
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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10
Q

What are the quantum numbers?

A

The information that indicates the location of an electron in an atom

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11
Q

What is the electronic configuration?

A

The arrangement of electrons in an atom

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12
Q

What is the diagram of orbitals?

A

It represents the electrons in orbitals by using arrows and boxes

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13
Q

What is the Aufbau’s Principle?

A

It states that each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available

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14
Q

What is the Hund’s Rule?

A

It states that single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal-energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals

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15
Q

What is the Pauli’s Rule?

A

It states that a maximum of 2 electrons can occupy a single atomic orbital. But only if the electrons have opposite spins

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16
Q

What is the atomic radius?

A

It is half the distance between adjacent nuclei in a crystal of the element

17
Q

What is the ionization energy?

A

The energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom

18
Q

What is electron affinity?

A

It is a measure of the tendency of an atom to accept an electron

19
Q

What is a chemical bond?

A

It is the force that holds 2 atoms together

20
Q

What is the Octet Rule?

A

It states that atoms gain, lose, or share electrons to acquire a full set of 8 valence electrons

21
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

Force that holds ions together with opposite charges

22
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

The attraction force between the nuclei of non-metals and the pair of electrons that is shared between them

23
Q

What is a hydrogen bond?

A

An electrostatic attraction, in which a hydrogen atom forms a bridge between 2 electronegative elements such as F, O, and N

24
Q

Mention the 5 states of matter

A
  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • Plasma
  • Bose-Einstein Condensate
25
Q

What is the main characteristic of a solid?

A

It is rigid; the atoms are tightly arranged

26
Q

What is the main characteristic of a liquid?

A

It assumes the shape of a container

27
Q

What is the main characteristic of a gas?

A

It is compressible and flows easily

28
Q

What is the main characteristic of plasma?

A

It is colored when being in hot temperatures

29
Q

What is the main characteristic of the Bose-Einstein Condensate?

A

It makes a super atom in very low temperatures

30
Q

Mention the characteristics of metals

A
  • Good conductors
  • High tensile strength
  • Malleable
  • Ductile
  • Metallic luster
  • Solid (except mercury)
  • High densities
  • High melting points
  • Crystal structure
31
Q

Mention the characteristics of non-metals

A
  • Poor conductors
  • Dull appearance
  • Brittle
  • Low densities
  • Low melting points
32
Q

Mention the characteristics of metalloids

A
  • Similar to metals and non-metals
  • Solid and may have luster
  • Semi-conductors
33
Q

In a chemical equation, what is a combustion?

A

When a substance, mainly hydrocarbons, react with oxygen to produce water, carbon dioxide and heat (burning)

34
Q

In a chemical equation, what is a neutralization?

A

A reaction that happens between an acid and a hydroxide, producing salt and water

Exámenes Finales 9° (3 decks)

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