Chemistry - Examen Final

Question 1

What is chemistry?

Answer 1

The science that studies the matter and the change that it undergoes

Question 2

What is matter?

Answer 2

Is anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 3

What is energy?

Answer 3

Is the ability to do work or produce heat

Question 4

What is a pure substance?

Answer 4

Matter with a uniform and unchanging composition

Question 5

What is a mixture?

Answer 5

Is a combination of 2 or more pure substances in which each one retains its individual chemical properties

Question 6

What is a physical change?

Answer 6

When you alter a substance without changing its composition

Question 7

What is a chemical change?

Answer 7

Process that involves 1 or more substances changing into new substances

Question 8

What are the subatomic particles?

Answer 8

The electron, proton and the neutron

Question 9

What is an isotope?

Answer 9

Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 10

What are the quantum numbers?

Answer 10

The information that indicates the location of an electron in an atom

Question 11

What is the electronic configuration?

Answer 11

The arrangement of electrons in an atom

Question 12

What is the diagram of orbitals?

Answer 12

It represents the electrons in orbitals by using arrows and boxes

Question 13

What is the Aufbau’s Principle?

Answer 13

It states that each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available

Question 14

What is the Hund’s Rule?

Answer 14

It states that single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal-energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals

Question 15

What is the Pauli’s Rule?

Answer 15

It states that a maximum of 2 electrons can occupy a single atomic orbital. But only if the electrons have opposite spins

Question 16

What is the atomic radius?

Answer 16

It is half the distance between adjacent nuclei in a crystal of the element

Question 17

What is the ionization energy?

Answer 17

The energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom

Question 18

What is electron affinity?

Answer 18

It is a measure of the tendency of an atom to accept an electron

Question 19

What is a chemical bond?

Answer 19

It is the force that holds 2 atoms together

Question 20

What is the Octet Rule?

Answer 20

It states that atoms gain, lose, or share electrons to acquire a full set of 8 valence electrons

Question 21

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 21

Force that holds ions together with opposite charges

Question 22

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 22

The attraction force between the nuclei of non-metals and the pair of electrons that is shared between them

Question 23

What is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 23

An electrostatic attraction, in which a hydrogen atom forms a bridge between 2 electronegative elements such as F, O, and N

Question 24

Mention the 5 states of matter

Answer 24

• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
• Plasma
• Bose-Einstein Condensate

Question 25

What is the main characteristic of a solid?

Answer 25

It is rigid; the atoms are tightly arranged

Question 26

What is the main characteristic of a liquid?

Answer 26

It assumes the shape of a container

Question 27

What is the main characteristic of a gas?

Answer 27

It is compressible and flows easily

Question 28

What is the main characteristic of plasma?

Answer 28

It is colored when being in hot temperatures

Question 29

What is the main characteristic of the Bose-Einstein Condensate?

Answer 29

It makes a super atom in very low temperatures

Question 30

Mention the characteristics of metals

Answer 30

- Good conductors - High tensile strength - Malleable - Ductile - Metallic luster - Solid (except mercury) - High densities - High melting points - Crystal structure

Question 31

Mention the characteristics of non-metals

Answer 31

- Poor conductors - Dull appearance - Brittle - Low densities - Low melting points

Question 32

Mention the characteristics of metalloids

Answer 32

- Similar to metals and non-metals - Solid and may have luster - Semi-conductors

Question 33

In a chemical equation, what is a combustion?

Answer 33

When a substance, mainly hydrocarbons, react with oxygen to produce water, carbon dioxide and heat (burning)

Question 34

In a chemical equation, what is a neutralization?

Answer 34

A reaction that happens between an acid and a hydroxide, producing salt and water