Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Chemistry 1 > Chemistry Exam 3 > Flashcards

Chemistry Exam 3 Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is electronegativity?

A

the ability of atoms in a molecule to attract electrons to itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the electronegativity trend?

A

Up and to the right on the periodic table

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the most electronegative element?

A

Fluorine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What group of elements are not assigned electronegativity?

A

noble gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When talking about the electronegativity trend what happens when the elements are right next to each other? and what is the exception?

A

If the elements are right next to each other they are non-polar. And the exception is when the atoms are in row 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Non-polar Covalent Bond

A

electrons are shared EQUALLY (example: Cl2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Polar Covalent Bond

A

electrons are shared UNEQUALLY (example: HCl)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ionic Bond

A

electrons are NO LONGER SHARED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In lewis structures what atom goes in the middle?

A

The LEAST electronegative element that isn’t hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is formal charge?

A

the charge that an atom (in a molecule) would have if all of the atoms had the same electronegativity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the formal charge formula?

A

FC= valence electrons - lines - dots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the best lewis structure?

A

The one with the most charges closet to oxygen & puts a negative charge on the most electronegative atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are resonance structures?

A

When there is more than one lewis structure for a molecule that differs only in the position of the electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Rules of Resonance Structures

A
  1. Resonance Structures must have the same conductivity.
  2. They must have the same number of electrons
  3. Formal charges must total the same
  4. Hydrogen can never be a central atom (usually carbon is)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some things that make a better resonance structure?

A

Better structures have:
1. fewer formal charges
2. smaller formal charges
3. negative formal charge on the more electronegative atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some exceptions to the octet rule?

A
  1. ions or molecules with an odd number of electrons (Examples: ClO2, NO, and NO2)
  2. ions or molecules with less than an octet (hypovalence) (Examples: BF3)
  3. ions or molecules with more than eight valence electrons (hypervalent) (Examples: PCl5)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is hypovalance?

A

less than an octet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is hypervalance?

A

more than an octet (extra valance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where are hypovalance atoms usually found?

A

groups 2 & 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where are hypervalance atoms found?

A

third row or below

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the VSEPR Model?

A

it stands for valance shell electron pair repulsion, and it dictates molecular shapes based on electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Practice: How many electron domains does each compound have?:
1. CO2
2. O3
3. PCl3

A
  1. 2 electron domains
  2. 3 electron domains
  3. 4 electron domains
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the predicted bond angle for Linear electron domain geometry?

A

180 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the predicted bond angle for Trigonal Planar electron domain geometry?

A

120 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the predicted bond angle for Tetrahedral electron domain geometry?
109.5 degress
26
What is the predicted bond angle for Trigonal bipyramidal electron domain geometry?
120 & 90 degrees
27
What is the predicted bond angle for Octahedral electron domain geometry?
90 degrees
28
What does 3e- domains equal? (molecular geometries)
Trigonal Planar e- geometry
29
What does 2e- domains +1 lone pair equal?
Bent molecular geometry
30
What does 2e- domains equal?
Linear e- geometry
31
What does 4e- domains equal?
Tetrahedral e- geometry
32
What does 3e- domains +1 lone pair equal?
Trigonal planar molecular geometry
33
What does Molecular Polarity depend on?
Both the polarities of the individual bonds and the geometry of the molecule
34
Are carbon-hydrogen bonds polar or non-polar?
They are non-polar
35
What is the hybrid orbital for 3 electron domains (trigonal planar geometry)?
sp^2
36
What does blending an s and two p orbitals produce?
three sp^2 hybrid orbitals
37
What is the hybrid orbital for 4 electron domains (tetrahedral geometry)?
sp^3
38
What does blending an s and all 3 p orbitals produce?
four sp^3 hybrid orbitals
39
What is the hybrid orbital for 5 electron domains (trigonal bipyramidal geometry)?
sp^3d
40
What is the hybrid orbital for 6 electron domains (octahedral geometry)
sp^3d^2
41
What is hybridization only related to?
electron geometry
42
Is a single pond a pi or sigma bond?
sigma bond
43
Are double bonds a pi or sigma bond?
double bond are 1 sigma + 1 pi bond= pi bond
44
Are triple bonds a pi or sigma bond?
Triple bonds are 1 sigma + 2 pi bonds= pi bond
45
What is a physical change?
changes that alter only the state or appearance, but not the composition (no bonds are broken or reformed)
46
What is a chemical change?
changes that alter the composition of matter (bonds are broken or reformed)
47
What side of a chemical equation are reactants on?
the left side
48
What side of a chemical equation are products on?
the right side
49
What has to happen in a chemical reaction?
conservation of matter and equal number of atoms on both sides
50
Practice balancing equations
reference notes for practice problems
51
what does (s) stand for? (states of matter)
solid
52
what does (l) stand for? (states of matter)
liquid
53
what does (g) stand for? (states of matter)
gas
54
what does (aq) stand for? (states of matter)
dissolves in an aqueous solution
55
Practice stoichiometry
reference notes for practice problems
56
How do you find out what is the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction?
1. Do two (or more based on given # of reactants) stoichiometry problems 2. The one that makes the least product is the limiting reagent
57
Practice limiting reactant problems
Reference notes for example
58
What are the reactants in a combustion reaction?
they are usually carbon and always oxygen
59
What are the products in a combustion reaction?
always H2O and mostly CO2
60
What is the reactant in alkali metal reactions?
an alkali metal

Chemistry 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions