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3 Even Becker, Gage Science > Chemistry Exam 2 Flashcards > Flashcards

Chemistry Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Democritus do/descover?

A

He named the atom “Atomos”.

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1
Q

What did John Dalton do/discover?

A

All matter is composed of invisible and indestructable atoms w/ distinct masses and properties.

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2
Q

What did J.J. Thomson do/descover?

A

He descovored the electron.

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3
Q

What did Ernest Rutherford do/descover?

A

He descovored the nucleus.

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4
Q

What did Neils Bohr do/descover?

A

He created a model showing the nucleus with the electrons circling them.

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5
Q

What did Louis de Broglie do/descover?

A

He beleived that electrons could be described not only as particles but as waves.

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6
Q

What did James Chadwick do/descover?

A

He descovered the neutron.

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7
Q

How do we couculate the atomic mass?

A

Protons + Neutrons = Atomic Mass

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8
Q

What are ions?

A

A molecule w/ no charge.

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9
Q

How do ions form?

A

They form from the loss or gain by one or more electrons.

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10
Q

What is a atom?

A

A moecule that is known to make up everything.

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11
Q

What is an element?

A

Matter that is composed of one type of atom.

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12
Q

How do you calculate the charge of an atom or ion?

A

By subracting the number of protons by the number of electrons.

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13
Q

What are valence electrons?

A

the electrons that make up the outermost shell of an atom.

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14
Q

How many electrons can fit in the first energy level on an atom?

A

2

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15
Q

How many how many electrons make up the second and third energy level of an atom? (not second and third combined)

A

8

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16
Q

What do we call the columns of the periodic table?

A

Groups

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17
Q

How do the elements within a group compare?

A

Display similar properties and reactivity.

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18
Q

What do we call the rows of the periodic table?

A

Periods

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19
Q

How do elements within a period compare?

A

Not much in common ==> range from metals (left) to nonmetals (right).

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20
Q

What are metals?

A

Elements with 1, 2, or 3 valence electrons.

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21
Q

Where are metals located on the periodic table?

A

they are located on the left of the periodic table.

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22
Q

What are physicals properties of metals?

A

Metalic luster, strong, good conductors, etc.

23
Q

What ductile mean?

A

It means they can be strung into wire.

24
Q

What does Malleable mean?

A

Can be bend into different shapes.

25
Q

What are the alkali metals and where are they located?

A

They are the metals in group one of the periodic table. (not including hydrogen… Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr)

26
Q

What are the alkaline earth metals and where are they found on the periodic table?

A

They are the metals in group 2 of the periodic table. (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra)

27
Q

What are nonmetals?

A

elements with 5, 6, 7, or 8 valence electrons

28
Q

What are properties on nonmetals?

A

Poor conductors of heat and electricity, and are not malleable or ductile.

29
Q

What does brittle mean?

A

A materials tendency to break easily or snap.

30
Q

What is the only nonmetal found on the left side of theperiodic table?

A

Hydrogen ==> H

31
Q

What are halogens and where are they found on the periodic table?

A

Group of elements found in group 17 of the periodic table. (F, CL, Br, I, At)

32
Q

What are Noble Gasses and where are they located on the periodic table?

A

The 7 chemical elements found in group 18 of the periodic table. (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn) full outershell.

33
Q

What is chemical bonding?

A

When you take 2 or more elements and you put them together to create an ion.

34
Q

What part of the atom is involved in chemical bonding?

A

The valenve electrons.

35
Q

What is the purpose of chemical bonding?

A

To create ions

36
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

When two or more elements combine valence electrons to form a neutral compound.

37
Q

Between which two types of elements do ionic bonding typically occure?

A

Nonmetals.

38
Q

Why do metals typically give up electrons?

A

Because they need to get rid of there own to have a full outershell.

39
Q

Why do nonmetals take in eletrons when ionically bonding?

A

Because they have just enough so where they are able to take in electrons instead of take away electrons.

40
Q

What is covelant bonding?

A

When 2 or more elements share valaince electrons

41
Q

How is covelant bonding differnent form iconic bonding?

A

Iconic bonding is the give and take , covalent bonding is sharing

42
Q

Between what types of atoms does covalent bonding occur?

A

Metals and non-metals

43
Q

What is the difference between a single, double, and triple bond?

A

They show the amount of pairs.
Single=2 shared electrons Double=4 shared electrons Triple=6 shared electrons

44
Q

What are the reactants and where are the found?

A

The right side of the chemical equation BEFORE reaction.

45
Q

What are the products and where are found?

A

The left side of the chemical equation AFTER reaction.

46
Q

What are subscripts and what do they tell you?

A

They are the SMALLER number on the right side of the equation.
-Tells how many atoms you have.

47
Q

What are coefficients and what do they tell you?

A

They are the BIGGER number on the left side of the equation.
-Tells how many molecules you have.

48
Q

What does the law of conservation of mass say?

A

That it must equal the mass of all products.

49
Q

What is an acid?

A

A substance that produces hydrogen Ions (pH=O-6)

50
Q

What is a base?

A

A substance that produces Hydroxide (OH) Ions (pH=8-14)

51
Q

What are compounds? Give examples of compounds.

A

Atoms with 2 or more elements combined chemically. H2O, CO2, O2

52
Q

What are mixtures?

A

Matter made of 2 or more substances that are combined physically.

53
Q

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures?

A

Homogeneous in a way look the same but can be seperated physically. Heterogeneous look different and can also be seperated by physical means.

54
Q

Give 3 examples of heterogeneous mixtures.
(the answers are optionl, you can use something different)

A

Ex:
-Pizza
-Trailmix
-Fruit salad

55
Q

Give 3 examples of homogeneous mixtures.
(the answers are optionl, you can use something different)

A

Ex:
-Salt water
-Lemonade
-Steel

3 Even Becker, Gage Science (1 decks)

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