Chemistry Defintions

Question 1

Solvent

Answer 1

Liquid in which a substance/ solute dissolves

Question 2

Solute

Answer 2

Substance which dissolves in a liquid/ solvent to form a solution

Question 3

Saturated solution

Answer 3

Solution with the maximum concentration of solute dissolved in the solvent

Question 4

Soluble

Answer 4

A substance that will dissolve

Question 5

Insoluble

Answer 5

Substance that won’t dissolve

Question 6

Solubility

Answer 6

A measurement of how much of a substance will dissolve in a given volume of liquid

Question 7

Element

Answer 7

Substance made of atoms that all contain the same number of protons

Question 8

Compound

Answer 8

Pure substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined together

Question 9

Mixture

Answer 9

Combination of two or more substances not chemically joined together

Question 10

Atom

Answer 10

Smallest particles of an element that consists of electrons surrounding a nucleus that contains protons and neutrons

Question 11

Molecule

Answer 11

Group of two or more atoms chemically joined together

Question 12

Atomic number

Answer 12

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 13

Mass number

Answer 13

Sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 14

Isotopes

Answer 14

Atoms of the same element that contain the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 15

Relative atomic mass

Answer 15

Weighted average mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th the mass of an atom of the carbon-12 isotope

Question 16

Empirical formula

Answer 16

Simplest whole number ratio of the atoms of each element present in one molecule of a compound

Question 17

Molecular formula

Answer 17

Actual number and type of atoms in a moleculem

Question 18

Percentage yield

Answer 18

(Actual yield/ theoretical yield) x 100

Question 19

Oxidation

Answer 19

Loss of electrons

Question 20

Reduction

Answer 20

Gain of electrons

Question 21

Oxidising agent

Answer 21

Species that gains electrons, oxidising a different species

Question 22

Reducing agent

Answer 22

Species that loses electrons, reducing another species

Question 23

Redox

Answer 23

Reduction and oxidation both takes place

Question 24

Acid

Answer 24

Proton donor

Question 25

Base

Answer 25

Proton acceptor

Question 26

Hydrocarbon

Answer 26

Compound containing only hydrogen and carbon

Question 27

Homologous series

Answer 27

Series of organic compounds that have similar features and chemical properties due to them having the same functional group

Question 28

Functional group

Answer 28

A group of atoms bonded in a specific arrangement that influences the properties of the homologous series

Question 29

Isomers

Answer 29

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different displayed formula

Question 30

Substitution reaction

Answer 30

One functional group is replaced by another

Question 31

Addition reaction

Answer 31

Two or more molecules combine to form a larger molecule with no other products

Question 32

Combustion reaction

Answer 32

Substance reacts with oxygen

Question 33

Crude oil

Answer 33

Mixture of hydrocarbons

Question 34

Fuel

Answer 34

Substance that, when burned, releases heat energy

Question 35

Saturated (organic compounds)

Answer 35

All carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds and each carbon atom is bonding with the maximum number of atoms

Question 36

Covalent bond

Answer 36

Formed between atoms by sharing a pair of electrons

Question 37

Ionic bonds

Answer 37

Bonds formed by transfer of electrons between atoms to form ions

Question 38

Anion

Answer 38

Negative ion

Question 39

Cation

Answer 39

Positive ion

Question 40

Catalyst

Answer 40

Substance that increases the rate of reaction without being chemically changed at the end of the reaction

Question 41

Vinegar

Answer 41

Aqueous solution containing ethanoic acid

Question 42

Pure

Answer 42

Contains a single element or compound

Question 43

Period

Answer 43

Row of the periodic table

Question 44

Group

Answer 44

Column of the periodic table