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chemistry definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

molar mass

A

mass in grams of one mole of that substance

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2
Q

molar concentration

A

the amount of solute per unit volume of solution

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3
Q

electronegativity

A

a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons

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4
Q

heat of a reaction (h)

A

the net change of chemical potential energy of the system

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5
Q

exothermic reaction

A

reactions which transform chemical potential energy into thermal energy

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6
Q

endothermic reaction

A

reactions which transforms thermal energy into chemical potential

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7
Q

activation energy

A

the minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction

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8
Q

activated complex

A

a high energy, unstable transitions state between reactants and products

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9
Q

rate of reaction

A

as the change in amount or concentration per unit time of either a reactant or product

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10
Q

catalyst

A

a substance that increases the rate of reaction but remains unchanged at the end of the reaction

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11
Q

what is the collision theory

A

a model that explains that a reaction will only proceed when reactant particles collide effectively

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12
Q

what makes an effective collision

A

correct orientation, sufficient kinetic energy (greater or equal to activation energy)

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13
Q

what is a closed system

A

one in which mass is conserved inside the system but energy can enter or leave system freely

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14
Q

what is a open system

A

one in which both energy and matter can be exchanged between the system and its surroundings

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15
Q

state le chateliers principle

A

when an external stress (change in pressure, temperature or concentration) is applieed to a system in dynamic chemical equilbrium , the equalbrium point will change in such a way as to counteract the stress

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16
Q

acid

A

proton donor

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17
Q

base

A

proton acceptor

18
Q

define ionisation

A

the reaction of a molecular substance with water to produce ions

19
Q

what is a strong acid

A

an acid that ionises almost completely in an aqueous solution

20
Q

weak acid

A

an acid that only ionises partically in an aqueous solution

21
Q

dissociation

A

the splitting of an ionic compound in to its ions

22
Q

what is a strong base

A

a base that dissociates almost completely in an aqueous solution

23
Q

what is an amphoteric

A

a substance that can act as either an acid or a base

24
Q

weak acid

A

a base that only ionises partially in an aqueous solution

25
Q

salt

A

a substance in which the hydrogen of an acid has been replaced by a cation

26
Q

hydrolysis of a salt

A

a reaction of an ion (from a salt) with water

27
Q

neutralisation

A

a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react so neither is in excess

28
Q

standard solution

A

a solution of known concentration

29
Q

redox reaction

A

a reaction involving the transfer of electrons

30
Q

oxidation

A

a loss of electrons

31
Q

reduction

A

gain of electrons

32
Q

oxidising agent

A

a substance that accepts electrons

33
Q

reducing agent

A

a substance that donates electrons

34
Q

anode

A

the electrode where oxidation takes place

35
Q

cathode

A

electrode where reduction takes place

36
Q

electrolyte

A

a substance that can conduct electricity due to the presence of free (mobile) ions where molten or dissolved in solution

37
Q

hydrocarbon

A

a compound containing only carbon and hydrogen bonds

38
Q

saturated compound

A

a compound in which all of the bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds

39
Q

unsaturated compound

A

a compound in which there is at least on double/or triple bond between carbon atoms

40
Q

functional group

A

an atom or a group of atoms that form the centre of chemical activity in the molecule

41
Q

homologous series

A

a series of similar compounds which have the same functional group and have the same general formula, in which each member differs from the previous one by a single CH2 unit

42
Q

structural isomers

A

compounds having the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

physics definitions (2 decks)

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