Chemistry- Crude Oil and Fuels

Question 1

Crude Oil is a mixture of

Answer 1

hydrocarbons

Question 2

Hydrocarbons are

Answer 2

molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen only.

Question 3

The different hydrocarbons in crude oil can be separated using a process called

Answer 3

fractional distillation.

Question 4

Many of the hydrocarbons in crude oil are

Answer 4

alkanes

Question 5

Alkanes are

Answer 5

saturated hydrocarbons.

Question 6

Saturated means

Answer 6

All of the atoms are held together by single covalent bonds

Question 7

All Alkanes obey the following formula

Answer 7

CnH2n+2

Question 8

Atoms of metals are tightly packed together into a very regular
giant lattice (ordered arrangement) similar to the lattice in ionic
compounds.
Note:
There is a strong electrostatic force of attraction between the positive metal ions and the sea of free electrons. This is a

Answer 8

metallic bond.

Question 9

How does chain length affect the physical properties of hydrocarbons?

Answer 9

Longer chains mean…

More viscous (does not flow so easily)
Less flammable ( does not set fire to so easily)
Less volatile (does not evaporate so easily)
High boiling point
Becomes darker in colour

Question 10

Fractional distillation is carried out in an

Answer 10

oil refinery

Question 11

Crude oil is split into fractions containing similar sized hydrocarbons using

Answer 11

fractional distillation.

Question 12

The different fractions can be separated in a fractionating column because they have different

Answer 12

boiling points.