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Part1 The Human Organism > Chemistry Comes To Life > Flashcards

Chemistry Comes To Life Flashcards

1
Q

What are atoms?

A

Units of life that cannot be broken diwn

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2
Q

What are the three sub atomic particles, where are they located, charge and mass?

A

Proton located in nucleus, 1 positive unit, 1 atomic mass unit. Neutron licated in nucleus, no charge 1 atomic mass unit. Electron located outside the nucleus 1 negative charge mass is negligible

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3
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms that have the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons

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4
Q

What are radioisotopes?

A

Unstable radio admitting isotopes

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5
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A bond that form when two or more atoms share electrons in there outer shells. Creating a molecule

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6
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

Results when there is a mutual attraction of oppositely charged ions

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7
Q

What is hydrogen bonding?

A

The attraction between a slightly positively

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8
Q

What are buffers?

A

Substances from keeping the pH values from changing dramatically. Ex. The carbonic acid-bicarbonate system

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9
Q

What is the carbonic acid-bicarbonate system?

A

When H+ decreases in the blood, carbonic acid dissociates adding H+ to the soln. When H + levels in the blood increase the H+ protons combine with bicarbonate and is removed from the system.

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10
Q

What are the major molecules of life ?

A

Macromolecules

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11
Q

What are macromolecules?

A

Macromolecules consist of repeating molecular sublinks linked in a chain called polymers

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12
Q

What are monomers?

A

Small molecular sub units that form the building blocks of the polymers

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13
Q

What is dehydration synthesis?

A

Condensation reaction. Bonds One monomer covalently to another releasing a water molecule

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14
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

The addition of a water molecule to a polymer in order to break into monomer

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15
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

Sugars that fuel the body by providing energy. Classified by size, monosaccharide, oligosaccharide and polysaccharide

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16
Q

Examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose: blood fruit and honey. Fructose: fruit honey. Galactose: from hydrolysis of lactose

17
Q

Examples of disaccharides

A

Sucrose: sugar cane maple syrup. Maltose: from hydrolysis of starch beer. Lactose: component of milk

18
Q

Examples of polysaccharides

A

Starch: potatoes corn. Glycogen: stores in muscle and liver cells. Cellulose: cell walls of plants

19
Q

What ate lipids?

A

Fat compounds that do no dissolve in water. Lipds are non polar while water is polar

20
Q

What ate triglycerides?

A

Compounds made of one molecule of glycerol and 3 fatty acids. Fatty acids are chains of carbon atom bonded to hydrogens wih an acidic COOH at one end

21
Q

What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fatty avid?

A

Saturated fatty acid have only sungle colvent bonds linking carbon atoms. Solid at room temp. Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms causing kinks in the chain. Liquid at room temp

22
Q

What are phospholipids?

A

A molecule of glycerol bonded to two fatty acid chains, a variable group ‘R.’and a neg charged phosphate group. Creating a hydrophobic tails and a hydrophilic head

23
Q

What are steroids?

A

A type of liquid made up of 4 carbon rings. Cholesterol is the foundation of most steroids.

24
Q

What are proteins?

A

A polymer made if 1 or more chains if amino acids

25
Q

What are amino acids?

A

Building blocks of proteins consisting of a central carbon atom bound to a hydrogen, amino and an acidic carboxylate group and a side chain designate d by ‘R’. Sine are essential meaning they cannot be synthesized by our bodies

26
Q

How are amino acids linked?

A

Through peptide bonds formed by dehydration synthesis. This bond links the carboxly group of one amino acid to the amino group of an adjacent

27
Q

What are the levels of protein structure?

A

Primary: specific sequence. Secondary: helix or pleated sheets. Tertiary: three dimensional shape. Quaternary: resulting protein

28
Q

What is denaturation?

A

A change in the shape if a protein causing a loss of a function

29
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Substance that are mostly proteins but ocassionly RNA molecules, speed up a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

30
Q

What is the enzyme substrate complex?

A

During reaction promoted by enzymes the substrate bonds to a specific location, the active site, forming the enzyme substrate active site.

31
Q

What are cofactors?

A

Non protein substances that gel concert substrate to product. Some reside in enzymes active site., some bind to the active site at the same time as the substrate.

32
Q

What are nucleotides?

A

5 nitrogen cobtinibg bases. Cytosine, thymine, uracil have single rings. Adenine and guanine have double rings

Part1 The Human Organism (1 decks)

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