Chemistry Comes Alive

Question 1

What is matter?

Answer 1

anything occupies space and has mass

Question 2

Matter exists in what 3 states?

Answer 2

solid, liquid, and gas

Question 3

Describe Energy and the forms in which it can take?

Answer 3

Energy is defined as the capacity to do work or put matter in motion.

Keltic Energy- energy in action (motion)

Potential Energy- stored energy (not in motion but has the ability to)

Question 4

What forms of energy can be stored?

Answer 4

Chemical Energy-the bonds of chemical substances used to maintain and create chemical reactions.

Electrical Energy- Results from the movement of charges particles.

Mechanical Energy- directly involved in moving matter.

radiant energy or electromagnetic energy- energy that travels in waves.

Question 5

When body temperatures rise do chemical reactions occur faster or slower?

Answer 5

Faster

Question 6

All matter is composed of elements. What is an element?

Answer 6

a unique substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods.

Question 7

Which four elements 96% of the body?

Answer 7

Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Hydrogen

Question 8

Describe the periodic table.

Answer 8

The periodic table provides a more complete listing of the known elements along with its atomic symbol and number.

Which provides things such as the physical properties (those that we can detect with our senses) and Chemical properties (retaining to the way the its atoms interact with other atoms)

Question 9

Describe the structure of an atom and what it is composed of.

Answer 9

An atom are clusters of smaller particles known as protons (+), neutrons, and electrons (-).

In the nucleus of the atom contains the protons and neutrons of a particular atom giving it its atomic mass unit. Surrounding the nucleus is the electron cloud that contains the negatively charged particles electrons that lay in particular energy levels or orbitals that electrons are typically found when circulating the nucleus.

Question 10

True or False: All atoms are electrically neutral because they contain the same number of protons and electrons with the exception to isotopes.

Answer 10

True.

Question 11

How do you distinguish between different elements?

Answer 11

To distinguish between different elements we use its atomic number, mass number, and atomic weight.

Atomic Number- the number of protons
Mass number- the mass of its protons and neutrons
Atomic Weight- the average mass of all the isotopes of a particular element.

Question 12

What are radioisotopes?

Answer 12

Radioisotopes are heavier isotopes that are unstable and thus decompose over time in a process called radioactivity and thus consist of isotopes that exhibit this behavior.

Question 13

What is a compound?

Answer 13

A compound is when two or more different kinds of atoms bind together and form molecules of the compound.

Question 14

What is a molecule?

Answer 14

Is a combination of two or more atoms held together by chemical bond.

Question 15

What is a Mixture?

Answer 15

Mixtures are substances composed of two or more components physically intermixed.

Question 16

What is a solution?

Answer 16

Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of components that can be gaseous, liquid, or solid. Usually composed of solvents (the substance present in the greatest amount) and solutes (Usually liquids, and is the substance present in the tallest amount).

Question 17

Describe Molarity.

Answer 17

Molarity is described as the amount of moles per liter indicated by (M).

Moles - a mole of any element is equal to the its atomic weight or molecular weight weighted out in grams.

Question 18

What is Avogrado’s Number

Answer 18

One mole of any substance always contains the same amount of solute particles that is 6.02•10^23.

Question 19

What is a colloid mixture and describe its properties.

Answer 19

A colloid mixture is a heterogeneous mixture that appears to be translucent or milky. In addition they are able to scatter light and has the ability to undergo sol-gel transformation (liguid-to-gel).

Question 20

What are suspensions?

Answer 20

Heterogeneous mixtures with large, often visible solutes that tend to settle out over time.

Question 21

In what ways does a mixture differ from a compound?

Answer 21

1) The chief difference being that no chemical bonding occurs between the components in a mixture. Only the physical properties are intermixed.
2) Mixtures are able to be separated by physical means such as straining, filtering, or evaporation; while compounds are separated through chemical means that break the bonds.
3) some mixtures are homogeneous and others are heterogeneous.

Question 22

What are chemical bonds?

Answer 22

Chemical bonds is an energy relationship between the electrons of the reacting atoms and thus can be made or broken in a trillionth of a second.

Question 23

How do electrons play a role in chemical bonding?

Answer 23

Because electrons are found in a space called the electron shells a region around the nucleus that form orbitals representing a different energy levels that electrons can be found. When the electron is closer to the nucleus to has less potential energy than those in the outer orbitals; thus making them less likely to interact in chemical bonds than those of the outer orbitals.

Question 24

What are valence electrons and how do they pertain to the octet rule?

Answer 24

Valence electrons are specifically the electrons in the otter most shell that are chemically reactive and only react until all eight electrons have been met.