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Chapter 6 > Chemistry&chemical Safety > Flashcards

Chemistry&chemical Safety Flashcards

1
Q

Is any substance that occupies space and has mass(weight)

A

Matter

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2
Q

Is the simplest form of chemical matter and contains only one type of atom/can’t be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity

A

Elements

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3
Q

There are _____ elements known to science today

A

118

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4
Q

___ elements occur naturally on Earth

A

98

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5
Q

Are the basic unit of matter/ with a nucleus at the center surrounded by negatively charged electrons that more around the nucleus in orbits

A

Atoms

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6
Q

Is a chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite(fixed) proportions

A

Molecules

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7
Q

Aka compounds/chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in fixed proportions

A

Compound molecules

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8
Q

Water and salt are examples of

A

Pure substances

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9
Q

A __is a physical combination of matter in any proportion

A

Physical mixture

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10
Q

___,____,&____ are all physical mixtures

A

Solutions, suspensions,& emulsions

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11
Q

The distinction between solutions, suspensions, and emulsions depends on the type of

A

Substance, size of particles, and the solubility of the substances

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12
Q

Is a stable uniform mixture of two or more substances

A

Solution

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13
Q

The ____ is the substance that is dissolved in a solution

A

Solute

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14
Q

The ____ is the substance that dissolves the solute and makes the solution

A

Solvent

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15
Q

Is known as the universal solvent because it has the ability to dissolve more substances than any other solvent

A

Water

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16
Q

Liquids are mutually soluble meaning they can be mixed together from solutions

A

Miscible

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17
Q

Liquids are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions

A

Immiscible

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18
Q

Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in liquid/ contain larger and fewer miscible particles

A

Suspensions

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19
Q

Example of suspension

A

Glitter in nail polish, calamine lotion

20
Q

Is an unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier

A

Emulsion

21
Q

Is an ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and bonds them into a uniform and fairly stable mixture

A

Emulsifier

22
Q

Are substances that allow oil and water to mix or emulsify/ the molecule has 2 distinct parts

A

Surfactants

23
Q

Head of the surfactant molecule/capable of combining with or attracting water

A

Hydrophilic

24
Q

The tail of the surfactant molecule/ attraction to fat and oils

A

Lipophilic

25
Q

Refers to how prolonged,repeated, or long term exposure to certain product ingredients can cause sensitivity in some people

A

Overexposure

26
Q

Is the principle used to describe how overexposure determines toxicity

A

Overexposure principle

27
Q

Is the separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions

A

Ionization

28
Q

An ion with a negative charge is an

A

Anion

29
Q

An atom with a positive charge is an

A

Cation

30
Q

The hydroxide ion (OH-) is

A

Alkaline

31
Q

The more hydroxide ions there are in a substance, the more ___ it will be

A

Alkaline

32
Q

Is only possibly bc of this ionization of water

A

PH

33
Q

Only products that contain water can have a

A

PH

34
Q

A pH of 7 is a

A

Neutral solution

35
Q

Ph Below 7 Indicates an

A

Acidic solution

36
Q

A pH above 7 is

A

Alkaline solution

37
Q

Pure distilled water has a pH of 7, which is an equal balance of

A

Acid and alkaline

38
Q

For a productive have a pH it must

A

Contain water

39
Q

Occur when an acid is mixed with an alkali in equal proportions,balancing the total pH and forming water (h2o) and A salt

A

acid alkaline neutralization reactions

40
Q

Aka redox/a chemical reaction in which oxidation and reduction take place at the same time

A

Oxidation reduction

41
Q

When oxygen is chemically combined with a substance, the substance is

A

Oxidized

42
Q

Is a substance that releases oxygen

A

Oxidizing agent

43
Q

Is a substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound

A

Reducing agent

44
Q

Meaning that they should not be mixed or even stored near each other

A

Incompatible

45
Q

Required by all law for products sold/ info about the manufacture

A

Safety data sheet

46
Q

Substance that causes or is believed to cause cancer

A

Carcinogen

Chapter 6 (1 decks)

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