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A-level chemistry year 2 > Chemistry Chemical Reactions > Flashcards

Chemistry Chemical Reactions Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Group 1 metal nitrate heated

A

—> metal nitrile + oxygen
2MNO3(s) —> 2MNO2(s) + O2(g)

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2
Q

Group 1 metal carbonate heated

A

Does not undergo thermal decomposition as too thermally stable. (Except lithium carbonate)

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3
Q

Group 2 metal oxide + water

A

—> metal hydroxide
MO(s) + H2O —> M(OH)2

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4
Q

Group 2 metal oxide + dilute acid

A

—> salt
MO(s) + 2HCl(aq) —> MCl2(aq) + H2O(l)

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5
Q

Group 2 metal hydroxide + water

A

—> aqueous metal hydroxide
M(OH)2(s) ——> M(OH)2(aq)
—————H2O——————

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6
Q

Group 2 metal hydroxide + dilute acid

A

—> salt
M(OH)2(aq) + 2HCl(aq) —> MCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)

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7
Q

Group 2 metal + water

A

—> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
M(s) + 2H2O(l) —> M(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)

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8
Q

Group 2 metal + oxygen

A

—> metal oxide ( white ppt )
2M(s) + O2(g) —> 2MO(s)

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9
Q

Group 2 metal + chlorine

A

—> metal chloride (white precipitate)
M(s) + Cl2(g) —> MCl2(s)

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10
Q

Decomposition of group 2 metal carbonate

A

—> metal oxide + carbon dioxide
MCO3(s) —> MO(s) + CO2(g)

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11
Q

Decomposition of lithium carbonate

A

Li2CO3(s) —> Li2O(s) + CO2(g)

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12
Q

Decomposition of group 2 nitrates

A

—> metal oxide + nitrogen dioxide + oxygen
2M(NO3)2(s) —> 2MO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g)

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13
Q

Decomposition of lithium nitrate

A

4LiNO3(s) —> 2Li2O(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2

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14
Q

What is nitrogen dioxide

A

A brown toxic gas

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15
Q

REDOX: Halogen + G1

A

—> halide salt
2M(s) + X2(s) —> 2MX(s)
—0——0———- +1– -1–

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16
Q

REDOX: Halogen + G2

A

—> halide salt
M(s) + X2(s) —> MX2(s)
-0——-0———+2– -1——

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17
Q

Hydrogen halide + water

A

HX(g) ——> X-(aq) + H+(aq)

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18
Q

Properties of HX(g)

A

Acidic gases—> turn damp blue litmus paper red

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19
Q

Hydrogen halide + ammonia

A

—> ammonium halide (white fumes)
HX(g) + NH3(g) —> NH4X(g)

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20
Q

Chlorine + cold dilute alkali

A

—> sodium chlorate (I)- bleach + sodium chloride + Water
Cl2 + 2NaOH(aq) —> NaOCl + NaCl + H2O

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21
Q

Chlorine + hot dilute alkali

A

—> sodium chlorate (V) + sodium chloride + water
3Cl2 + 6NaOH —> NaClO3 + 5NaCl + 3H2O

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22
Q

Chlorine + water

A

—> hydrochloric acid + hypochlorous acid
Cl2(g) + H2O(l) <=> HCl(aq) + HClO(aq)

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23
Q

HClO + water

A

—> chlorate (I) ion (kills bacteria)
HClO + H2O <=> ClO- + H3O+

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24
Q

Free radical substitution of methane overall equation

A

CH4 + Cl2 —(UV)—> CH3Cl + HCl

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25
Free radical substitution of methane: initiation
Cl2 —-(UV)—> 2Cl*
26
Free radical substitution of methane: propagation
CH4 + Cl* —> *CH3 + HCl *CH3 + Cl2 —> CH3Cl + Cl*
27
Free radical substitution of methane: termination
Cl* + Cl* —> Cl2 *CH3 + *CH3 —> C2H6 *CH3 + Cl* —> CH3Cl
28
Complete combustion of alkanes ( ethane )
2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g) —> 4CO2(g) + 6H2O(g)
29
Incomplete combustion of alkanes (ethane)
C2H6(g) + 2O2(g) —> CO(g) + C(s) + 3H2O(g)
30
Main reactions alkenes undergo
Electrophilic addition
31
Alkene + hydrogen (Products, conditions, reaction)
—> alkane Nickel catalyst, 150°C H2C=CH2 + H2(g) —-> CH3CH3
32
Alkene + halogen
—> dihalogenoalkane H2C=CH2 + X2 —> CH2XCH2X
33
Which dihaloalkane is colourless
Dibromoalkane
34
Alkene + hydrogen halide
—> haloalkane H2C=CHCH3 + HX —> CH3CHXCH3
35
Steam hydration of alkenes (Product, conditions, reaction)
Alkene + steam —> alcohol - Phosphoric (V) acid catalyst, 300°C, 60atm H2C=CH2(g) + H2O(g) <=> CH3CH2OH
36
Oxidation of alkenes (Product, conditions, reaction, observation)
—> diol - acidified potassium manganate (VII) H2C=CH2 —(H+/MnO4-)—> CH2(OH)CH2(OH) *ethane-1,2-diol* Purple- colourless solution
37
Elimination of haloalkanes (Products, conditions, reaction)
Haloalkane + OH- —> alkene - Reflux, warm ethanolic KOH RX + KOH —> RC=C + H2O + KX
38
What does the OH- act as in elimination of haloalkanes
Acts as a base, removing H+ from the haloalkane
39
Main reaction of haloalkanes
Nucleophilic substitution
40
Haloalkane + water
—> alcohol RX + H2O —> ROH + H+ + X-
41
Haloalkane + OH- (SN) (Conditions, reaction, products)
—> alcohol - reflux, warm KOH(aq) RX + KOH —> ROH + KX
42
Haloalkane + CN- (Products, reaction, conditions, use)
—> nitrile - reflux, KCN in ethanol (ethanolic) RX + CN- —> R-C=-N + X- - used to increase length of the carbon chain
43
Haloalkane + ammonia (Products, conditions, reaction, observation)
—> amines - warm with excess, ethanolic ammonia RX + NH3 —> R-NH2 + NH4+ - R-NH2 has a fish smell
44
Combustion of alcohols (ethanol)
C2H5OH + 3O2 —> 2CO2 + 3H2O
45
Oxidation of primary alcohol to final product (Reaction, products, conditions, observation)
P1—(distillation)—> aldehyde P1—(reflux)—> carboxylic acid ROH + 2[O] —> RCOOH + H2O [O] = acidified potassium dichromate Colour change orange - green
46
Oxidation of secondary alcohol
—> ketone ROHR + [O] —> RCO + H2O [O] = acidified potassium dichromate Colour change orange-green
47
Acyl chloride + water
—> carboxylic acid + HCl(g) CH3COCl + H2O —> CH3COOH + HCl
48
Acyl chloride + alcohol
—> ester + hydrogen chloride gas CH3COCl + CH3CH2OH —> CH3C=OOCH2CH3 + HCl
49
Acyl chloride + amine (methylamine)
—> n-methylethanamide + Hydrogen chloride gas CH3COCl + CH3NH2 —> CH3C=ONHCH3 + HCl
50
Acyl chloride + ammonia
—> acylamide + Ammonium chloride CH3COCl + NH3 —> CH3C=ONH2 + HCl NH3 + HCl —> NH4Cl Overall: CH3COCl + 2NH3 —> CH3CONH2 + NH4Cl ——————————————ethanamide————
51
Main reaction of arenes
Electrophilic substitution
52
Formation of nitrobenzene conditions + type of reaction
- concentrated H2SO4 (catalyst) - concentrated HNO3 - <50°C - Electrophilic substitution
53
Adding a halogen to a benzene (Type of reaction, conditions + formation of catalyst)
- electrophilic substitution - halogen (e.g Br2) - halogen carrier (FeBr3/AlCl3) AlCl3 + Cl2 —> AlCl4- + Cl+
54
Acylation of a benzene conditions + type of reaction
- Acyl chloride - AlCl3 - electrophillic substitution
55
Alkylation of benzene conditions + type of reaction
- electrophillic substitution - AlCl3 - RCl (with methyl or ethyl group etc..)
56
Carbonyl + HCN Products, conditions, type of reaction
—> hydroxynitrile - HCN in the presence of KCN RCOR + HCN —> RCOHCNR
57
Reduction of nitrobenzene (Products, conditions)
—> phenylamine (C6H5NH2) 1. Sn, Conc HCl, reflux 2. OH-
58
Bromination of phenol (products, reactant)
- 3/2 Br2 - 2,4,6-tribromophenol
59
Hydrolysis of nitriles (Products, conditions, reaction)
—> carboxylic acid + ammonium chloride - reflux with dilute HCl, distil off COOH CH3CN + 2H2O + HCl —> CH3COOH + NH4Cl
60
Carboxylic acid + aqueous base
—> salt + water CH3COOH +NaOH —> CH3COONa + H2O
61
Carboxylic acid + carbonate/hydrogen carbonate
—> salt + water + carbon dioxide 2CH3COOH + Na2CO3(s) —> 2CH3COONa(aq) + CO2 + H2O CH3COOH + NaHCO3(s) —> CH3COONa(aq) + CO2 + H2O

A-level chemistry year 2 (8 decks)

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