Chemistry Chapters 9 & 10

Question 1

What are aldehydes and how are they synthesized?

Answer 1

🔹 the carbonyl group
🔸 A functional group of organic molecules, found in organic and biochemistry, ubiquitous in nature.
🔹 Characteristics
🔸 Carbon and oxygen double bond
🔸 Polar Moiety - recall oxygen is very electronegative
🔸 This dipole is what gives the group its functionality

Question 2

Carbonyls description

Answer 2

🔹 two important Carbonyls :
1. Aldehydes
🔸 carbonyl with a hydrogen and one functional group
🔸 Found in preservatives and disinfectants
2. Ketones
🔸 Carbonyl with two functional groups
🔸 Found in solvents

Question 3

Derivatives of alkaline review

Answer 3

🔹Alkanes : single Bond
🔹Alkenes : double bond
🔹Alkynes : triple bond
🔹Arenes   : aromatic structure
🔹Alkyl       : open functional electron

Question 4

More review derivatives of alkanes card 2

Answer 4

🔹 meth - single carbon
🔹 Eth - two carbons
🔹 Prop - three carbons
🔹But - four carbons

Question 5

Aldehyde structure and name

Answer 5

Methane oxidized Methanol
( an alcohol)
Methanal (an aldehyde)

Question 6

Aldehydes

Answer 6

🔹Aldehydes are derivatives of alkanes
🔹methanal AKA formaldehyde (one carbon)
🔸common name derived from formic acid
🔹Pentanedial aka glutaraldehyde
🔸common name derived from glutaric acid

Question 7

Aldehydes have been used for many years as preservatives

Answer 7

🔹Inexpensive
🔹react with proteins and stabilize them
🔹retarding decomposition

Question 8

Funeral terminology for stabilization of proteins

Answer 8

🔹Fixing
🔹bridging
🔹coagulating
🔹cross-linking

Question 9

What is the scorched-earth Warfare?

Answer 9

Cross-linking bacterial proteins that kills (disinfecting) the bacteria and rendering the environment inhospitable

Question 10

Formaldehyde

AKA methanal

Answer 10

🔹 is a gas at room temperature

🔹is colorless and odorless

Question 11

Formaldehyde card 2

Answer 11

In solution formaldehyde exist as methylene glycol

it is made commercially by the catalytic oxidizing of methanol