Chemistry Chapter 7

Question 1

Name the four quantum numbers

Answer 1

n, l, ml, ms

Question 2

Explain n quantum number

Answer 2

• the shell

- determines the energy and size of the orbital

Question 3

Explain l quantum number

Answer 3

Azimuthal q#

• sublevel or subshell
• = to n-1
• determines energy and shape of the orbital

Question 4

Explain ml

Answer 4

• magnetic Q#
• determines the orientation of the orbital
• rule: l, 0, +l

Question 5

Explain ms

Answer 5

• spin Q#
• determines spin of an electron and the orientation of the magnetic field produced by this spin
• either +1/2 or -1/2

Question 6

How do electrons spin when they are in the same and different orbitals

Answer 6

• same: spin opposite

- different: same spin

Question 7

Name the different subshells or l

Answer 7

-0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Question 8

Define the 0 subshell

Answer 8

• (s): sharp
• has 1 orbital
• 2 electrons
• starting shell= s=1

Question 9

Define the 1 subshell

Answer 9

• p(principle)
• has 3 orbitals
• has 6 electrons
• starting shells is sp=2
• dumbbell shape

Question 10

Define the 2 subshell

Answer 10

• diffuse (d)
• has 5 orbitals
• has 10 electrons
• spd=3
• has butterfly shape

Question 11

Define the 3 subshell

Answer 11

• fundamental (f)
• has 7 orbitals
• has 14 electrons
• starting shell is spdf=4
• shape is complex

Question 12

How do you write the electron configuration for ions that are transition metals

Answer 12

• transition metals lose valence s electrons first then d

Question 13

How do you write electron configuration for metals in lower p block ions?

Answer 13

• lose valence p electrons then s electrons

Question 14

What is important about d orbitals

Answer 14

completely filled and half filled d orbitals ate stable and prefer to stay that way so they will transfer electrons to get to this stability

Question 15

State the equation for speed

Answer 15

c= frequency(new) times (wavelength) lambda

Question 16

State the equation for energy

Answer 16

E= planks constant times frequency

E= planks constant times speed divided by wavelength

Question 17

What are the units for equation c= frequency times wavelength

Answer 17

• c= m/s
• wavelength= m
• frequency= s-1 or Hz

Question 18

What are the units for the equations E= hv and E= hc/ wavelength

Answer 18

• E= J
• h: 6.626*10^-34 Js
• c= 2.998*10^8 m/s

Question 19

How to you find the wavelength of light when electrons change states

Answer 19

1/wavelength= 1.097*10^7 (1/n2^2- 1/n1^2)

Question 20

What area of the electromagnetic spectrum can humans see

Answer 20

350-800

Question 21

What state are atoms usually in

Answer 21

• ground state

Question 22

What happens when electrons absorb energy

Answer 22

• go to excited state

Question 23

Why do atoms have line spectrum and not continuum spectra

Answer 23

• b/c they have discreet energy levels

Question 24

What is effective nuclear charge

Answer 24

• the amount of positive charge experienced by an electron in a polyelectronic atom

Question 25

Explain want happens with effective nuclear charge according to the periodic table

Answer 25

• trend: Zeff, Z sigma, Z eff < z
• along period: it increases because adding electrons to same shell
• down a group: it decreases because further away from nucleus
• Exceptions: none

Question 26

What is atomic radius?

Answer 26

the size of the atom determined by the electron cloud