Chemistry Chapter 18 Test Flashcards
Rate
speed of a change that occurs over time
collision theory
Particles can react to form products when they collide, provided they have enough kinetic energy
activation energy
minimum energy that particles must have in order to react
transition state
synonym for an activation complex
activated complex
an unstable arrangement of atoms that forms momentarily at the peak of the activation energy barrier
inhibitor
substance that interferes with the action of a catalyst
Which of the following will increase the rate of a reaction?
a. increase particle size
b. increase temperature
c. decrease concentration
d. add a catalyst
Both b. and d.
Increase temperature and add a catalyst
reversible reaction
reaction in which conversation of reactants to products and products to reactants occur simultaneously
chemical equilibrium
state of balance in which forward and reverse reactions take place at the same rate
equilibrium position
relative concentrations of reactants and products of a reaction that has reached equilibrium
Le Chatelier’s Principle
The direction of change in the position of equilibrium
solubility product constant (Ksp)
an equilibrium constant that can be applied to the solubility of electrolytes
common ion
an ion that is common to both salts in a solution
common ion effect
a decrease in the solubility of a substance caused by the addition of a common ion
entropy
measure of the disorder of a system
free energy
energy in a reaction that is available to do work
spontaneous reaction
reactions that favor formation of products under the specified conditions
nonspontaneous reaction
reactions that do not give products under the specified conditions
law of disorder
it is the natural tendency of systems to move in the direction of maximum disorder
Gibbs free energy charge
maximum amount of energy that can be coupled to another process to do work
What combination of factors will always give a spontaneous reaction?
heat released, entropy increases
What combination of factors will NEVER give a spontaneous reaction?
heat absorbed, entropy increases
Two effective methods are to increase the…. at which the is done or use a……
Temperature,catalyst
Rates of reaction can also be increased by……the concentration of reactions.
increasing
