Chemistry Chapter 18 Test

Question 1

Rate

Answer 1

speed of a change that occurs over time

Question 2

collision theory

Answer 2

Particles can react to form products when they collide, provided they have enough kinetic energy

Question 3

activation energy

Answer 3

minimum energy that particles must have in order to react

Question 4

transition state

Answer 4

synonym for an activation complex

Question 5

activated complex

Answer 5

an unstable arrangement of atoms that forms momentarily at the peak of the activation energy barrier

Question 6

inhibitor

Answer 6

substance that interferes with the action of a catalyst

Question 7

Which of the following will increase the rate of a reaction?

a. increase particle size
b. increase temperature
c. decrease concentration
d. add a catalyst

Answer 7

Both b. and d.

Increase temperature and add a catalyst

Question 8

reversible reaction

Answer 8

reaction in which conversation of reactants to products and products to reactants occur simultaneously

Question 9

chemical equilibrium

Answer 9

state of balance in which forward and reverse reactions take place at the same rate

Question 10

equilibrium position

Answer 10

relative concentrations of reactants and products of a reaction that has reached equilibrium

Question 11

Le Chatelier’s Principle

Answer 11

The direction of change in the position of equilibrium

Question 12

solubility product constant (Ksp)

Answer 12

an equilibrium constant that can be applied to the solubility of electrolytes

Question 13

common ion

Answer 13

an ion that is common to both salts in a solution

Question 14

common ion effect

Answer 14

a decrease in the solubility of a substance caused by the addition of a common ion

Question 15

entropy

Answer 15

measure of the disorder of a system

Question 16

free energy

Answer 16

energy in a reaction that is available to do work

Question 17

spontaneous reaction

Answer 17

reactions that favor formation of products under the specified conditions

Question 18

nonspontaneous reaction

Answer 18

reactions that do not give products under the specified conditions

Question 19

law of disorder

Answer 19

it is the natural tendency of systems to move in the direction of maximum disorder

Question 20

Gibbs free energy charge

Answer 20

maximum amount of energy that can be coupled to another process to do work

Question 21

What combination of factors will always give a spontaneous reaction?

Answer 21

heat released, entropy increases

Question 22

What combination of factors will NEVER give a spontaneous reaction?

Answer 22

heat absorbed, entropy increases

Question 23

Two effective methods are to increase the…. at which the is done or use a……

Answer 23

Temperature,catalyst

Question 24

Rates of reaction can also be increased by……the concentration of reactions.

Answer 24

increasing

Question 25

The point at which the rate of conversion of……..to………and vice versa is equal is the………position.

Answer 25

reactants;products,equilibrium