Chemistry Chapter 10: Key Functional Groups and Their Reactions Flashcards
What is this
Imine
What happens to a primary alcohol in the presence of a) a strong oxidizing agent and b) a weak oxidizing agent
A) A strong oxidizing agent directly turns the primary alcohol into a carboxylic acid
B) A weak oxidizing weak would stop at an aldehyde
What happens to a secondary alcohol in the presence of an oxidizing agent?
Becomes a ketone
What happens to a tertiary alcohol in the presence of an oxidizing agent?
No oxidization!
Ortho, meta and para positions on benzene
Pyrrole
Disulfide
Reactivity of carboxylic acid derivatives is based
on the ability to react via nucleophilic acyl substitution or can be thought of in terms of how electrophilic the carbonyl carbon is, which in turn reflects the partial positive charge created by adjacent or nearby electron-withdrawing groups.
More reactive carboxylic acid derivatives have better (more stable, weakly basic) leaving groups, such as chloride, bonded to the carbonyl.
Less reactive carboxylic acid derivatives have less stable, strongly basic leaving groups such as R2N- or RO-.
List acid anhydride, ester, amide, acid chloride from least reactive to most reactive
Amide < Ester < acidanhydride < acid chloride
The relative reactivity of carboxylic acid derivatives can be thought of in terms of how electrophilic the carbonyl carbon is, which in turn reflects the partial positive charge created by adjacent or nearby electron-withdrawing groups. Anhydrides have three nearby electronegative oxygens, while esters have two, and amides have a less strongly electronegative nitrogen atom in place of an oxygen.
Acid anhydride
True or false: ketones can accept but not donate hydrogen bonds
TRUE The carbonyl oxygen (C=O) has lone pairs that can accept hydrogen bonds from hydrogen bond donors (e.g., water, alcohols, amines).
