Chemistry Chapter 10: Key Functional Groups and Their Reactions

Question 1

What is this

Answer 1

Imine

Question 2

What happens to a primary alcohol in the presence of a) a strong oxidizing agent and b) a weak oxidizing agent

Answer 2

A) A strong oxidizing agent directly turns the primary alcohol into a carboxylic acid
B) A weak oxidizing weak would stop at an aldehyde

Question 3

What happens to a secondary alcohol in the presence of an oxidizing agent?

Answer 3

Becomes a ketone

Question 4

What happens to a tertiary alcohol in the presence of an oxidizing agent?

Answer 4

No oxidization!

Question 5

Ortho, meta and para positions on benzene

Answer 5

Question 6

Answer 6

Pyrrole

Question 7

Answer 7

Disulfide

Question 8

Reactivity of carboxylic acid derivatives is based

Answer 8

on the ability to react via nucleophilic acyl substitution or can be thought of in terms of how electrophilic the carbonyl carbon is, which in turn reflects the partial positive charge created by adjacent or nearby electron-withdrawing groups.

More reactive carboxylic acid derivatives have better (more stable, weakly basic) leaving groups, such as chloride, bonded to the carbonyl.

Less reactive carboxylic acid derivatives have less stable, strongly basic leaving groups such as R2N- or RO-.

Question 9

List acid anhydride, ester, amide, acid chloride from least reactive to most reactive

Answer 9

Amide < Ester < acidanhydride < acid chloride

The relative reactivity of carboxylic acid derivatives can be thought of in terms of how electrophilic the carbonyl carbon is, which in turn reflects the partial positive charge created by adjacent or nearby electron-withdrawing groups. Anhydrides have three nearby electronegative oxygens, while esters have two, and amides have a less strongly electronegative nitrogen atom in place of an oxygen.

Question 10

Answer 10

Acid anhydride

Question 11

True or false: ketones can accept but not donate hydrogen bonds

Answer 11

TRUE The carbonyl oxygen (C=O) has lone pairs that can accept hydrogen bonds from hydrogen bond donors (e.g., water, alcohols, amines).

Question 12

What is this?

Answer 12

Imide. An imide is two acyl groups bound to nitrogen

Question 13

Why isn’t ketone the answer

Answer 13

Because there’s no oxidizing agent. reaction stops at the secondary alcohol

Question 14

aromatic amines is also called

Answer 14

aniline

Question 15

heme contains a porphyrin ring. What is porphyrin is composed of?

Answer 15

Porphyrin is composed of four pyrroles, which are five-membered rings containing one nitrogen atom.

Question 16

Pyrrole

Answer 16

5 member ring with a N

Question 17

Pyridine

Answer 17

6 member ring with a N

Question 18

Furan

Answer 18

5 member ring with a O

Question 19

imidazole

Answer 19

It is a five-membered ring with two nitrogen atoms and three carbon atom