chemistry chapter 1 Flashcards
how many electrons does a boron atom have and why?
5 because the atomic number is 5 therefore the structure is 2,3
in an electronic structure what is the centre called?
the nucleus
what is an alkane?
a family of hydrocarbons
how do you break large alkane molecules?
with high temperature , a catalyst or steam therefore making the hydrocarbon smaller and useful
what colour does an alkane turn when reacting with bromine water ?
does not change colour therefore stays orange
what colour does an alkene turn when reacting with bromine water?
colourless because the bromine water has decolourised it
what is the structure of butane
4 carbons and 10 hydrogens
what is the formula for an alkane
CnH2n+1
how many bonds can carbon have each
4 each bond has to touch each other
how do you mantain and keep the temperature the same
using a lid, avoiding heat loss
why is soot produced?
because of incomplete combustion
what are ores?
a rock containing minerals
what can ore minerals do?
refine to make other elements and metals
why are ores a non renewable source?
because they do not reform at a rate that we can see them constantly it takes a lifetime. therefore we cannot see the constant change
what reaction happens when a metal carbonate is heated
a thermal decomposition making the metal change into a gas
Which solid product is formed when copper carbonate is heated? and why
copper oxide because it has gone through the reaction of thermal decomposition making it change into a gas
Suggest how the reactivity series can be used to predict which metal carbonate reacts
most easily when heated.
the less reactive the more easily it can decompose to then change into a gas
iron ores must contain enough iron to …
be economical and be able to extract the metal/iron
Give two reasons why iron produced in a blast furnace is converted into steel
because iron metal is more brittle and steel is much more stronger and flexible
Give three reasons why a steel car body should be recycled and not reused
or sent to landfill.
because when you recycle it you then conserve the iron , minimise pollution. when you reuse you would have to remove the paint, rust the metal making the metal weaker and when sending it to a landfill the space in them is limitless and therefore when making more loss of habits.
how is ethanol produced from ethene
by hydration of steam in presence of a catalyst
Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of using crude oil to make ethanol
instead of using plants.
advantage is that it does not take up space, does not cause food shortages and also because farmland is not used and plants are affected by weather conditions however by using plants the crude oil is a finite source and plants just grow and grow
why is vegetable oil used as biofuels
vegetable oils release carbon dioxide when burning therefore when growing the plants the co2 is then absorbed in resulting in a net increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
how to calculate the mean decrease ?
add the non anomalous results then divide by on how many there are
