chemistry chapter 1

Question 1

how many electrons does a boron atom have and why?

Answer 1

5 because the atomic number is 5 therefore the structure is 2,3

Question 2

in an electronic structure what is the centre called?

Answer 2

the nucleus

Question 3

what is an alkane?

Answer 3

a family of hydrocarbons

Question 4

how do you break large alkane molecules?

Answer 4

with high temperature , a catalyst or steam therefore making the hydrocarbon smaller and useful

Question 5

what colour does an alkane turn when reacting with bromine water ?

Answer 5

does not change colour therefore stays orange

Question 6

what colour does an alkene turn when reacting with bromine water?

Answer 6

colourless because the bromine water has decolourised it

Question 7

what is the structure of butane

Answer 7

4 carbons and 10 hydrogens

Question 8

what is the formula for an alkane

Answer 8

CnH2n+1

Question 9

how many bonds can carbon have each

Answer 9

4 each bond has to touch each other

Question 10

how do you mantain and keep the temperature the same

Answer 10

using a lid, avoiding heat loss

Question 11

why is soot produced?

Answer 11

because of incomplete combustion

Question 12

what are ores?

Answer 12

a rock containing minerals

Question 13

what can ore minerals do?

Answer 13

refine to make other elements and metals

Question 14

why are ores a non renewable source?

Answer 14

because they do not reform at a rate that we can see them constantly it takes a lifetime. therefore we cannot see the constant change

Question 15

what reaction happens when a metal carbonate is heated

Answer 15

a thermal decomposition making the metal change into a gas

Question 16

Which solid product is formed when copper carbonate is heated? and why

Answer 16

copper oxide because it has gone through the reaction of thermal decomposition making it change into a gas

Question 17

Suggest how the reactivity series can be used to predict which metal carbonate reacts
most easily when heated.

Answer 17

the less reactive the more easily it can decompose to then change into a gas

Question 18

iron ores must contain enough iron to …

Answer 18

be economical and be able to extract the metal/iron

Question 19

Give two reasons why iron produced in a blast furnace is converted into steel

Answer 19

because iron metal is more brittle and steel is much more stronger and flexible

Question 20

Give three reasons why a steel car body should be recycled and not reused
or sent to landfill.

Answer 20

because when you recycle it you then conserve the iron , minimise pollution. when you reuse you would have to remove the paint, rust the metal making the metal weaker and when sending it to a landfill the space in them is limitless and therefore when making more loss of habits.

Question 21

how is ethanol produced from ethene

Answer 21

by hydration of steam in presence of a catalyst

Question 22

Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of using crude oil to make ethanol
instead of using plants.

Answer 22

advantage is that it does not take up space, does not cause food shortages and also because farmland is not used and plants are affected by weather conditions however by using plants the crude oil is a finite source and plants just grow and grow

Question 23

why is vegetable oil used as biofuels

Answer 23

vegetable oils release carbon dioxide when burning therefore when growing the plants the co2 is then absorbed in resulting in a net increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Question 24

how to calculate the mean decrease ?

Answer 24

add the non anomalous results then divide by on how many there are

Question 25

what is an independent variable?

Answer 25

something that is changed or controlled

Question 26

what is a dependent variable

Answer 26

something that is tested or measured

Question 27

if the forward reaction of an experiment is endothermic what is the other direction

Answer 27

exothermic

Question 28

what does abundant mean ?

Answer 28

when there is a lot of something

Question 29

what is a compound

Answer 29

a mixture of two or more elements mixed together

Question 30

what is oxidation ?

Answer 30

loss of electrons

Question 31

what is reduction?

Answer 31

gain of electrons

Question 32

how to form a metal oxide?

Answer 32

when oxygen reacts with a metal to then make a mixture

Question 33

what does the chemical depend on to extract the metal

Answer 33

the reactivity for the metal

Question 34

how is carbon monoxide made from

Answer 34

heating up carbon

Question 35

what is electrolysis

Answer 35

the process of passing direct current through a solution or melted ionic compound to move the ions apart and then break the compound down

Question 36

what happens when a metal reacts with an acid ?

Answer 36

bubbles of gas are produced,

Question 37

how do you know if it is hydrogen being produced after reacting with an acid

Answer 37

listening to a squeaky pop

Question 38

what products are made after a metal has reacted with an acid ?

Answer 38

hydrogen gas and a metal salt

Question 39

what is the general equation of a reaction of a metal and an acid

Answer 39

metal + acid ==== metal salt + hydrogen