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Science (Yr 10) > Chemistry - Ch. 5 (Yr 10) > Flashcards

Chemistry - Ch. 5 (Yr 10) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the ‘law of mass of conservation’ ?

A

Bonds break and reform in chemical reactions but no atoms are destroyed nor created, therefore, the mass remains the same.

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2
Q

What does the rearranging of atoms do in terms of mass and products?

A

The mass stays the same and the products are different from the reactants.

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3
Q

What does a ‘catalyst’ do?

A

It speeds up reactions.

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4
Q

The number of atoms in the reactants must be ……. to the amount in the products. (Fill in the gap)

A

Equal

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5
Q

What are the subscripts and their symbols?

A

S = solid
g= gas
l= liquid
aq = Aqueous

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6
Q

What does ‘aqueous’ (aq) mean?

A

Soluble in water

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7
Q

How do you balance an equation?

A

Count the amount of each element, then add numbers ONLY in front of the elements to make them equal on each side.

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8
Q

What is the general equation of a synthesis reaction?

A

A+B —> AB
The combining/making.

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9
Q

What is the general equation of a decomposition reaction?

A

AB —> A+B
Breaking down

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10
Q

What is synthesis?

A

The forming of compounds by combining simpler elements and substances.

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11
Q

What is decomposition?

A

The breaking down of compounds into their simpler substances.

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12
Q

What is the general equation for a neutralisation reaction?

A

Neutralisation:

acid (pH 1-6) + base (pH 8-14) —> water (pH 7) + salt

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13
Q

What ions do acids contain?

A

Hydrogen ions (H+)

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14
Q

What ions do bases contain?

A

Hydroxide ions (OH-)

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15
Q

The reactants ‘Acid + metal oxide’ create a product of?

A

Salt + water

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16
Q

The reactants ‘Acid + metal’ create a product of?

A

Salt + Hydrogen

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17
Q

The reactants ‘Acid + metal carbonate’ create a product of?

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

18
Q

High concentration means? How does this affect an acids ability to give its ions?

A

High strength.
Strong acids are more readily to give away H+ ions to a base

19
Q

What is ‘precipitate’?

A

A solid formed by a precipitation reaction which is insoluble in the product.

20
Q

What is the general equation for a single replacement precipitation reaction?

A

A(aq) + B(aq) —> AB(aq) + C (s)

21
Q

What is a single replacement precipitation reaction?

A

The rearrangement of elements, isolating a different element.

22
Q

What is the general equation for a double replacement precipitation reaction?

A

AB(aq) + CD(aq) —> AC(aq) + BD(s)

23
Q

What is a double replacement precipitation reaction?

A

Rearrangement or elements (swapping pairs), forming one solid in the product.

24
Q

What is a spectator ion?

A

The soluble products of a reaction, in relation to precipitation reactions.
Eg. AC(aq)

25
Q

What is an oxidation reaction with metal?

A

Metal + oxygen —> metal oxide

26
Q

What is an oxidation reaction with non metals?

A

Non metal + oxygen —> non metal oxide

27
Q

What is a general worded equation of a COMPLETE hydrocarbon combustion reaction?

A

Hydrocarbon + unlimited oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

28
Q

What is a general worded equation of a IN-COMPLETE hydrocarbon combustion reaction?

A

Hydrocarbon + limited oxygen —> carbon monoxide + water?

Carbon monoxide is a toxic, transparent and odourless gas.

29
Q

What does extremely low oxygen form?

A

Soot (unburnt carbon) and water

30
Q

What element group from the periodic table don’t react with oxygen?

A

Group 18

31
Q

What is a polymer?

A

Polymers are long chains of monomers.
Many parts of

32
Q

What are monomers?

A

Smaller molecules that form polymers

33
Q

What are the three types of polymers?

A

Linear polymer, cross linked polymer (elastomers), and thermoplastic polymers (plastic).

34
Q

What is the difference between a ‘thermoplastic polymer’ and a ‘thermo setting polymer’?

A

Thermoplastic:
- Malleable when heated

Thermo setting polymer:
- not malleable (doesn’t melt)
- hard, rigid and can go black when hot

35
Q

What must a polymerisation reaction have?

A

High temperature, pressure and a catalyst

36
Q

What is collision theory?

A

The colliding of particles/atoms to form a reaction.

37
Q

An increased collision causes an ….. reaction rate. (Fill in gap)

A

Increased

38
Q

List 4 ways to increase collision?

A

Surface area, concentration, temperature (kinetic energy), and agitation (stirring)

39
Q

What’s a catalyst?

A

Increases the rate of a reaction without permanently changing anything

40
Q

How does a catalyst affect activation energy?

A

They lower the activation energy required for a reaction to occur, making it easier for atoms to break and form chemical bonds.

41
Q

What does a positive catalyst do?

A

Increase reaction rate

42
Q

What does a negative catalyst do?

A

Decreases reaction rate

Science (Yr 10) (2 decks)

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