Chemistry Ch. 1-3 Study Guide Flashcards
Describe atoms:
Building blocks of matter.
Smallest amount of an element.
Collections of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Describe Protons:
They are positive.
Are found in the nucleus.
Have a mass of about 1 amu.
Describe Neutrons:
They are uncharged.
Are found in the nucleus.
Have a mass of about 1 amu.
Describe electrons:
They are negative.
Are found outside the nucleus?
Have no mass.
What is the “Atomic Number”
Number of protons.
What is the “Mass Number”
Protons and neutrons.
What is the “Average Atomic Mass”
Mass of every atom averaged together.
What is the atomic number of Mg (magnesium)?
12.
What is the average atomic mass of Fe (iron)?
55.847
How many neutrons does a regular Br (bromine) have?
45.
What is an element?
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means.
What elements primarily make up the universe?
Hydrogen and Helium.
What elements primarily make up living things?
- Hydrogen
- Carbon
- Oxygen
- Nitrogen
It has 16 protons, what is it?
Regular Sulfur atom.
It has 16 protons BUT A DIFFERENT NUMBER OF NEUTRONS, what is it?
Sulfur Isotope.
It has 16 protons BUT A DIFFERENT NUMBER OF ELECTRONS, what is it?
Sulfur Ion.
What is a compound?
When two or more atoms join/band together to make different properties than the elements that made them.
What are the first two “characteristics” of compounds?
- Are always formed from a specific combination of elements in a fixed ratio.
- Are chemically and physically different from the elements that comprise them.
What are chemical bonds?
The forces between atoms as a result of sharing /transferring electrons.
What are the types of chemical bonds?
Ionic and Covalent.
Describe how an ionic bond forms.
Forms as a result of an electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms called ions.
Describe how covalent bonds form.
A covalent bond forms when electrons are shared.
