Chemistry Ch. 1-3 Study Guide

Question 1

Describe atoms:

Answer 1

Building blocks of matter.
Smallest amount of an element.
Collections of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Question 2

Describe Protons:

Answer 2

They are positive.
Are found in the nucleus.
Have a mass of about 1 amu.

Question 3

Describe Neutrons:

Answer 3

They are uncharged.
Are found in the nucleus.
Have a mass of about 1 amu.

Question 4

Describe electrons:

Answer 4

They are negative.
Are found outside the nucleus?
Have no mass.

Question 5

What is the “Atomic Number”

Answer 5

Number of protons.

Question 6

What is the “Mass Number”

Answer 6

Protons and neutrons.

Question 7

What is the “Average Atomic Mass”

Answer 7

Mass of every atom averaged together.

Question 8

What is the atomic number of Mg (magnesium)?

Answer 8

12.

Question 9

What is the average atomic mass of Fe (iron)?

Answer 9

55.847

Question 10

How many neutrons does a regular Br (bromine) have?

Answer 10

45.

Question 11

What is an element?

Answer 11

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means.

Question 12

What elements primarily make up the universe?

Answer 12

Hydrogen and Helium.

Question 13

What elements primarily make up living things?

Answer 13

• Hydrogen
• Carbon
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen

Question 14

It has 16 protons, what is it?

Answer 14

Regular Sulfur atom.

Question 15

It has 16 protons BUT A DIFFERENT NUMBER OF NEUTRONS, what is it?

Answer 15

Sulfur Isotope.

Question 16

It has 16 protons BUT A DIFFERENT NUMBER OF ELECTRONS, what is it?

Answer 16

Sulfur Ion.

Question 17

What is a compound?

Answer 17

When two or more atoms join/band together to make different properties than the elements that made them.

Question 18

What are the first two “characteristics” of compounds?

Answer 18

1. Are always formed from a specific combination of elements in a fixed ratio.
2. Are chemically and physically different from the elements that comprise them.

Question 19

What are chemical bonds?

Answer 19

The forces between atoms as a result of sharing /transferring electrons.

Question 20

What are the types of chemical bonds?

Answer 20

Ionic and Covalent.

Question 21

Describe how an ionic bond forms.

Answer 21

Forms as a result of an electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms called ions.

Question 22

Describe how covalent bonds form.

Answer 22

A covalent bond forms when electrons are shared.