Chemistry C3 - Structure and bonding Flashcards
Chapter 3 of GCSE material for chemistry
What occurs at the melting point?
Melting and freezing.
What occurs at the boiling point?
Boiling and condensing.
What does the energy needed to change state depend on?
The strength of forces between the particles.
What does (s) mean in a chemical equation?
Solid
What does (g) mean in a chemical equation?
Gas
What does (l) mean in a chemical equation?
Liquid
What does (aq) mean in a chemical equation?
Aqueous, dissolved in water
How are particles represented in the simple model?
As regular solid spheres.
What is a limitation of the simple model?
Does not account for forces between particles.
What is a bond?
An electrostatic attraction between atoms.
What are the two types of atom?
Metal and non-metal
What are the three types of bonding?
Metallic, ionic, covalent.
Which types of atoms are involved in metallic bonding?
Metal atoms
Which types of atoms are involved in ionic bonding?
Metal and non-metal
Which types of atoms are involved in covalent bonding?
Non-metal and non-metal
Why do atoms form bonds?
To have full outer shells
How do metal atoms bond?
Lose electrons
How do non-metal atoms bond?
Gain electrons
What is an atom with a charge called?
Ion
Draw a diagram of a structure of a metal?
look it up
Describe the structure and bonding in a metal.
Regular lattice of positive ions surrounded by delocalised electrons.
How does the structure of a metal allow it to conduct electricity?
Delocalised electrons are free to move and carry charge through the lattice.
What are the melting points of metals like?
High melting points.
What does the melting point of metals tell you about their bonds?
High melting points mean metallic bonds are strong.
What is ionic bonding?
Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Describe the structure of ionic substances?
Regular lattice of ions.
When can ionic substances conduct electricity?
When molten or dissolved.
What are the melting points of ionic substances like?
High melting points.
Are ionic substances soluble in water?
They are soluble in water.
Which type of atoms form covalent bonds?
Non-metals bonding with non-metals.
What are the melting points of simple molecules like?
Simple molecules have low melting points.
Why do simple molecules have low melting points?
Intermolecular forces between the molecules are weak so little energy is needed to break them.
What is an allotrope?
Different forms of the same element.
Draw the structure of graphite.
look it up
Why can graphite conduct electricity?
Delocalised electrons between the layers in graphite conduct electricity.
How are diamond and graphite different chemically?
Carbon atoms in diamond have 4 bonds but carbon atoms in graphite only have 3.
What is graphene?
A single layer of graphite.
What is the name of the covalently bonded structure with large molecules?
Polymers
What is a single unit from which polymers are made called?
A monomer
What is a nanometre?
One billionth of a metre.
How big is a nanoparticle?
1-100nm in diameter.
How many atoms are in a nanometre?
At most a few hundred.
How do the properties of nanoparticles compare to larger particles?
The properties are different from the bulk substance.
Why are the properties of nanoparticles different to those of the bulk substance?
Properties are different because of the larger surface area:volume ratio in nanoparticles.
Why are nanoparticles important?
They may have applications in medicine, sun cream, electronics, cosmetics and as catalysts.
What is a fullerene?
Hollow molecules of carbon.
