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GCSE - Chemistry Knowledge Organisers > Chemistry C3 - Structure and bonding > Flashcards

Chemistry C3 - Structure and bonding Flashcards

Chapter 3 of GCSE material for chemistry

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1
Q

What occurs at the melting point?

A

Melting and freezing.

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2
Q

What occurs at the boiling point?

A

Boiling and condensing.

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3
Q

What does the energy needed to change state depend on?

A

The strength of forces between the particles.

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4
Q

What does (s) mean in a chemical equation?

A

Solid

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5
Q

What does (g) mean in a chemical equation?

A

Gas

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6
Q

What does (l) mean in a chemical equation?

A

Liquid

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7
Q

What does (aq) mean in a chemical equation?

A

Aqueous, dissolved in water

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8
Q

How are particles represented in the simple model?

A

As regular solid spheres.

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9
Q

What is a limitation of the simple model?

A

Does not account for forces between particles.

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10
Q

What is a bond?

A

An electrostatic attraction between atoms.

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11
Q

What are the two types of atom?

A

Metal and non-metal

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12
Q

What are the three types of bonding?

A

Metallic, ionic, covalent.

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13
Q

Which types of atoms are involved in metallic bonding?

A

Metal atoms

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14
Q

Which types of atoms are involved in ionic bonding?

A

Metal and non-metal

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15
Q

Which types of atoms are involved in covalent bonding?

A

Non-metal and non-metal

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16
Q

Why do atoms form bonds?

A

To have full outer shells

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17
Q

How do metal atoms bond?

A

Lose electrons

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18
Q

How do non-metal atoms bond?

A

Gain electrons

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19
Q

What is an atom with a charge called?

A

Ion

20
Q

Draw a diagram of a structure of a metal?

A

look it up

21
Q

Describe the structure and bonding in a metal.

A

Regular lattice of positive ions surrounded by delocalised electrons.

22
Q

How does the structure of a metal allow it to conduct electricity?

A

Delocalised electrons are free to move and carry charge through the lattice.

23
Q

What are the melting points of metals like?

A

High melting points.

24
Q

What does the melting point of metals tell you about their bonds?

A

High melting points mean metallic bonds are strong.

25
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

26
Q

Describe the structure of ionic substances?

A

Regular lattice of ions.

27
Q

When can ionic substances conduct electricity?

A

When molten or dissolved.

28
Q

What are the melting points of ionic substances like?

A

High melting points.

29
Q

Are ionic substances soluble in water?

A

They are soluble in water.

30
Q

Which type of atoms form covalent bonds?

A

Non-metals bonding with non-metals.

31
Q

What are the melting points of simple molecules like?

A

Simple molecules have low melting points.

32
Q

Why do simple molecules have low melting points?

A

Intermolecular forces between the molecules are weak so little energy is needed to break them.

33
Q

What is an allotrope?

A

Different forms of the same element.

34
Q

Draw the structure of graphite.

A

look it up

35
Q

Why can graphite conduct electricity?

A

Delocalised electrons between the layers in graphite conduct electricity.

36
Q

How are diamond and graphite different chemically?

A

Carbon atoms in diamond have 4 bonds but carbon atoms in graphite only have 3.

37
Q

What is graphene?

A

A single layer of graphite.

38
Q

What is the name of the covalently bonded structure with large molecules?

A

Polymers

39
Q

What is a single unit from which polymers are made called?

A

A monomer

40
Q

What is a nanometre?

A

One billionth of a metre.

41
Q

How big is a nanoparticle?

A

1-100nm in diameter.

42
Q

How many atoms are in a nanometre?

A

At most a few hundred.

43
Q

How do the properties of nanoparticles compare to larger particles?

A

The properties are different from the bulk substance.

44
Q

Why are the properties of nanoparticles different to those of the bulk substance?

A

Properties are different because of the larger surface area:volume ratio in nanoparticles.

45
Q

Why are nanoparticles important?

A

They may have applications in medicine, sun cream, electronics, cosmetics and as catalysts.

46
Q

What is a fullerene?

A

Hollow molecules of carbon.

GCSE - Chemistry Knowledge Organisers (8 decks)

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