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GCSE > Chemistry C3 > Flashcards

Chemistry C3 Flashcards

Redox Reactions, Acids and Alkalis, Electrolysis

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1
Q

What is the term for the loss of electrons or the gain of oxygen?

A

Oxidation

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2
Q

What is the term for the gain of electrons or the loss of oxygen?

A

Reduction

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3
Q

What are reducing and oxidising agents?

A

An oxidizing agent is a substance that causes oxidation by accepting electrons; therefore, it gets reduced. A reducing agent is a substance that causes reduction by losing electrons; therefore it gets oxidized.

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4
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

Electrolysis is a technique that uses direct electric current to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction.

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5
Q

What is the solution used to decompose the substance being dissolved in it?

A

Electrolyte

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6
Q

Name the two electrodes?

A

Anode - The positive electrode
Cathode - The negative electrode

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7
Q

Where do redox reactions occur in electrolysis?

A

Oxidation occurs at the positive electrode as the ion loses electrons while reduction occurs at he negative electrode as the ions gains electrons.

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8
Q

Why are dissolved ionic substances able to conduct electricity?

A

They are able to conduct electricity as they are decomposed from the electrolyte solution meaning ions are free to move which allows them to conduct electricity.

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9
Q

What are acids?

A

A substance that releases H+ ions when dissolved in water

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10
Q

What are alkalis?

A

A substance that releases OH- ions when dissolved in water.

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11
Q

What are bases?

A

A substance that reacts with an acid to produce a salt and water.

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12
Q

Acid + Base –>

A

Salt + Water

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13
Q

Acid + Carbonate –>

A

Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

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14
Q

Acid + Metal –>

A

Salt + Hydrogen

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15
Q

Property of strong acids?

A

Completely dissociates in water

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16
Q

Property of weak acids?

A

Partially dissociates in water

17
Q

Why do concentrated acids have a low pH?

A

They have a high concentration of H+ ions per litre

18
Q

Why do dilute acids have a high pH?

A

They a low concentration of H+ ions per litre

19
Q

What are the products of an electrolyte that is a solution?

A

OH-, H+, The Non-Metal Ion, The Metal Ion

20
Q

What are the key points of metals in solutions?

A

Metals that are more reactive than hydrogen will cause hydrogen to form from electrolysis of hydrogen ions when electrolysed in solution.

21
Q

What are the key points of ions in solutions?

A

Ions that aren’t halide ions will cause hydroxide ions to be electrolysed instead, and produce oxygen. The reaction that you need to remember is:
4OH- –> 2H2O + O2 + 4e-

22
Q

What is electroplating?

A

Electroplating is a process for producing a metal coating on a solid substrate through the reduction of cations of that metal by means of a direct electric current.

23
Q

What happens to the bonds during an
endothermic reaction?

A

In endothermic reactions, the energy needed to break existing bonds is greater than the energy released when new bonds are formed so there is a higher amount of energy in the products than the reactants.

24
Q

What happens to the bonds during an exothermic reaction?

A

In an exothermic reaction, the energy released when new bonds are formed is greater than the energy taken in breaking the existing bonds so there is a higher amount of energy in the reactants than the products.

25
Q

What are strong acids?

A

Strong acids are acids that completely dissociates in water

26
Q

What are weak acids?

A

Weak acids are acids that partially dissociates in water

27
Q

What are concentrated acids?

A

Concentrated acids are acids that have a low pH due to a high concentration of H+ ions per litre.

28
Q

What are dilute acids?

A

Dilute acids are acids that have a high pH due to a low concentration of H+ ions per litre.

GCSE (10 decks)

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