Chemistry by Raymond Chang (based on the summary of end chapters only) Flashcards
The study of chemistry involves three basic steps. Which of the following is NOT one of those steps?
A) Observation
B) Interpretation
C) Analysis
D) Representation
C) Analysis
What does the “observation” step in chemistry refer to?
A) Understanding molecular structures
B) Measurements in the macroscopic world
C) The use of symbols for communication
D) Developing scientific theories
B) Measurements in the macroscopic world
What does the “representation” step in chemistry involve?
A) Creating visual diagrams of atoms and molecules
B) The use of shorthand notation symbols and equations for communication
C) Testing hypotheses
D) Gathering information through experiments
B) The use of shorthand notation symbols and equations for communication
The scientific method is a systematic approach to research that begins with which of the following?
A) Testing hypotheses
B) Developing theories
C) Gathering information through observation and measurements
D) Using scientific notation
C) Gathering information through observation and measurements
Which substances in chemistry are formed by the chemical combination of atoms in fixed proportions?
A) Elements
B) Mixtures
C) Compounds
D) Solutions
C) Compounds
All substances can exist in which three states?
A) Liquid, gas, and plasma
B) Solid, liquid, and gas
C) Solid, plasma, and gas
D) Liquid, gas, and plasma
B) Solid, liquid, and gas
What can cause the interconversion between different states of matter?
A) Change in density
B) Change in temperature
C) Change in molecular structure
D) Change in weight
B) Change in temperature
Which units are used to express physical quantities in chemistry?
A) Metric units
B) Imperial units
C) SI units
D) Standard units
C) SI units
Scientific notation helps in handling which types of quantities?
A) Only very large quantities
B) Only very small quantities
C) Both very large and very small quantities
D) Only exact quantities
C) Both very large and very small quantities
In scientific notation, what is the range for the value of N in the form N×10^n ?
A) 0 to 1
B) 1 to 10
C) 10 to 100
D) Any positive number
B) 1 to 10
Which of the following statements best describes the scientific method?
A) A fixed set of steps followed exactly the same way each time
B) A systematic approach that begins with hypotheses
C) A method of testing and refining laws and theories
D) A systematic approach to research that starts with gathering information through observation and measurements
A) A fixed set of steps followed exactly the same way each time
Which of the following properties of a substance can be observed without changing its identity?
A) Chemical properties
B) Physical properties
C) Reactive properties
D) Ionic properties
B) Physical properties
Which of the following best defines chemical properties?
A) Properties that can be observed without changing the substance
B) Properties that describe the color and texture of a substance
C) Properties that, when demonstrated, change the identity of the substance
D) Properties that are unique to gases
C) Properties that, when demonstrated, change the identity of the substance
What type of mixture can be separated into pure components by physical means?
A) Homogeneous mixtures only
B) Heterogeneous mixtures only
C) Both homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures
D) Only solutions
C) Both homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures
What are the simplest substances in chemistry called?
A) Mixtures
B) Compounds
C) Elements
D) Solutions
C) Elements
Which of the following describes the combination of atoms of different elements in fixed proportions?
A) Mixture
B) Element
C) Solution
D) Compound
D) Compound
Which unit system is commonly used to express physical quantities in all sciences, including chemistry?
A) Metric system
B) SI units
C) Customary units
D) British Imperial system
B) SI units
Which of the following is NOT a step in the study of chemistry as described in the text?
A) Observation
B) Representation
C) Hypothesis
D) Interpretation
C) Hypothesis
What is required to separate the components of a mixture?
A) Chemical reactions
B) Physical means
C) Electrical processes
D) Magnetic processes
B) Physical means
According to Dalton’s atomic theory, what is true about atoms of the same element?
A) They are always positively charged.
B) They are identical.
C) They cannot combine with other elements.
D) They are different from each other.
B) They are identical.
What does the law of conservation of mass state?
A) Atoms can be created and destroyed in chemical reactions.
B) Atoms are only combined in certain ratios.
C) Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions.
D) Atoms are always in a gaseous state.
C) Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions.
Which law states that elements in a compound are always combined in the same proportions by mass?
A) Law of definite proportions
B) Law of conservation of mass
C) Law of multiple proportions
D) Law of atomic theory
A) Law of definite proportions
When two elements form more than one compound, what law states that the mass ratios of one element to a fixed mass of the other are in small whole numbers?
A) Law of definite proportions
B) Law of multiple proportions
C) Dalton’s atomic theory
D) Law of conservation of mass
B) Law of multiple proportions
Which part of an atom contains protons and neutrons?
A) The outer shell
B) The nucleus
C) The electron cloud
D) The atomic shell
B) The nucleus