Chemistry Basics Flashcards
What does Matter consist of?
Atoms
What are the three Subatomic Particles?
Proton, Neuron, Electron
What does ‘Atomic Number’ refer to?
The number of Protons
What subatomic particles does a Nucleus contain?
Protons and Neurons
How do Electrons travel in the Atomic Structure?
They travel in the Electron Cloud around the Nucleus
13 principal elements in the human body
Oxygen (O), Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H),Nitrogen (N), Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Chlorine (Cl), Magnesium (Mg), Sulfur (S), Iron (Fe), Iodine (I)
How do we determine Elements?
By the Atomic Number of an atom (equivalent to the number of protons)
Atomic number is equal to
The number of protons
The most basic chemicals are
Elements
What are Isotopes?
A specific version of an element based on its Mass Number
What is a Mass Number?
Proton + the number of neutrons
What is the Atomic Weight?
Actual mass of all the particles
How is Atomic Weight measured?
Measured in Moles
What are the three major types of chemical bonds?
Ionic Bonds, Covalent Bonds, Hydrogen Bonds
What are Cations?
Electron donor
What are Anions?
Electron acceptor
What are Molecules?
Two or more atoms of the same element joined by strong bonds. Not all Molecules are Compounds
What are Compounds?
Two or more atoms of different elements joined by strong or weak bonds. Compounds are all Molecules
What is a Single Convalent Bond?
Atoms sharing one pair of electrons
What is a Double Convalent Bond?
Atoms sharing two pairs of electrons
What is a Triple Convalent Bond?
Atoms sharing three pairs of electrons
Nonpolar Convalent Bonds
Involve equal sharing of electrons
Polar Convalent Bonds
Involve unequal sharing of electrons
