Chemistry Basics! Flashcards
Define an atom
An atom. Is the smallest unit of an element.
What is an atom composed of
Electrons, protons, neutrons.
True or false?
Each atom of the same element has the same combination of protons and electrons?.
True
What type of charge does a proton have?
Positive.
What type of charge does a electron have?
Negative.
Define the periodic table
The periodic table, is a very useful table describing the atoms of every known element.
What does the symbol “C” stand for on the periodic table
Carbon
What does “HE” stand for on the periodic table?.
Helium..
What is the number of protons called in a certain atom?.
Atomic number
“FE” stands for?
Iron..
How many electrons does the element “ZN” have?
Zinc has 30 electrons.
How many electrons does it take to equal one proton?
1,836, it takes about 1,836 electrons to equal the weight of just one proton..
How many protons does the atom “HE” have?
Helium has 2 protons. And 2 electrons.
What is the charge of a neutron?
The neutron has no charge. ( Neutral)
Which subatomic particle weighs the least?
Electrons
Which subatomic particle weighs the most?
Neutrons
Which subatomic particle is in between the two weights
Protons.
Which particles make up the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and neutrons.
True or false can neutrons be found in the element Hydrogen?
False
What are the rows called in a periodic table?
Periods.
What are the columns called in a periodic table?
Groups.
What is the element “ AR”
Argon
What are Noble Gases?
Helium, neon, argon, krypton.
Describe and state the alkaline metals?
Lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium.
The alkaline metals are any of the six chemical elements that make up group 1a on the periodic table.
What is Group 2A on the periodic table?
Alkaline earth metals,
What is the element “K”
Potassium
what is the element group VIIA called?
Halogens
What does halogens stand for?
Salt formers
What two elements make up table salt?
“NA”= sodium
“ Cl”= chlorine
What family does the element Iodine belong to?
halogen.
What three classes of elements can the periodic table be divided into?
Metals, nonmetals and metalloids.
What is the element “CU”?
Copper
Define malleable
Anything that can be beaten into fine sheets
Define ductile
The ability to be drawn into wires.
Which families do the nonmetals belong to?
Halogens and Noble gases.
True or false?
Nonmetals are very brittle, and do not conduct heat or electricity
True.
True or false silicon is a metaloid
True
How many protons are in the element phosphorus?
15 protons
True or false
Almost all of the mass of an atom more than 99.99 percent is attributed to the Nucleus
True.
Which two particles is the nucleus made up of?
Protons, and neutrons.
Define mass
Mass, is a measure of the amount of matter, The mass of an object determines its weight.
Define weight
Weight, is the effect of gravity on mass
What is the mass number
the mass number is the number of protons added to the number of neutrons in an atom.
How many protons does the element Phosphorus have?
15 protons
True or false
The number of electrons in an atom typically equals the number of protons?.
True
What is an element.
An element is matter that is composed of a single type of atom
What is the mass of an electron?
0.00054
How many naturally occurring elements are there?
93.
Atoms that have a different amount of neutrons in their nuclei are called?
Isotopes.
Atoms that undergo radioactive decay are called what?
Radioactive isotopes.
How fast do electrons orbit the nucleus?
100 quadrillion times per second.
Electrons in the outermost shell of atoms are called what?
Valence electrons.
When are outer electron shells stable?
When they contain eight electrons.
When two or more atoms are held together by chemical bonds what do they form?
A molecule
A molecule that contains atoms of more than one element is called?
A compound
What is a covalent bond?
A covalent bond is the sharing of a pair of electrons by two atoms.
Define electronegativity
Electronegativity is defined as the attraction of an atom for its electrons.
What is a nonpolar covalent bond?
When the shared electrons spend an equal amount of time around each nucleus. When this happens NO opposite ends exists! ( NO POLES)
H-H, in this question what does the dash represent?
The dash represents the chemical bond between the atoms.
How many electrons are in the valance shell of carbon?
4
Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are called?
Organic compounds.
