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general chemistry > Chemistry: Atoms First > Flashcards

Chemistry: Atoms First Flashcards

1.1

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1
Q

Chemists study the composition, properties, and interactions of

A

matter

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2
Q

Alchemists attempted to transform what metals into what metals.

A

base (non-precious) metals into noble (precious) metals.

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3
Q

Greeks defined matter in terms of four elements.

A

fire, air, water, and earth

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4
Q

Chemistry is related to many disciplines and is often referred to as The

A

Central Science

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5
Q

Chemistry is a fundamental

A

part of everyday life

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6
Q

As you study chemistry, you will discover that chemistry is involved in changing the

A

composition of matter

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7
Q

As you study chemistry, you will discover that these changes can be classified and understood by using

A

basic chemical principles

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8
Q

As you study chemistry, you will discover that changes in energy accompany

A

changes in matter

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9
Q

Chemistry is a science based upon

A

experimentation and observation

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10
Q

The Scientific Method is a logical, problem-solving path to discovery used by scientists. The 4 basic steps are:

A

observation, hypothesis, experiments, law or theory

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11
Q

What is the difference between Law and Theory?

A
  • A law summarizes alot of experimental observations and it is used to predict future outcomes.
  • A theory explains “why” things happen. It is a comphrensive and testable explanation
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12
Q

Example of a Domain: Moisture in the air, icebergs, and the ocean represents water in the

A

Macroscopic Domain

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13
Q

Example of a Domain: At the molecular level, gas molecules are far apart and disorganized, solid water molecules are close together and organized, and liquid molecules are close together and disorganized.

A

Microscopic Domain

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14
Q

Example of a Domain: H2O is the chemical formula for water, and (g), (s), and (L) symbolize its phrases.

A

Symbolic Domain

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15
Q

Matter is anything that has

A

mass and occupies space

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16
Q

The common phases or states of matter are

A

solid, liquid, and gas

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17
Q

Gas takes

A

both the shape and volume of the container

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18
Q

Liquid posses

A

an indefinite shape but retains a definite volume

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19
Q

Solid is

A

rigid and posses a definite shape and definite volume

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20
Q

What is the fourth state of matter

A

plasma

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21
Q

plasma is from the greek word for

A

“moldable substance” or “jelly”

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22
Q

Plasma contains an appreciable amount of

A

electrically charged particles

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23
Q

Plasma has properties distinct from

A

ordinary gases

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24
Q

Plasma is found in certain

A

low-pressure or high-temperature environments

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25
Q

What is the difference between Mass and Weight?

A
  • Mass is the measurment of the amount of matter in an object
  • Weight is the force that gravity exerts on an object
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26
Q

Th

What is the Law of Conservation of Matter

A

During a physical or chemical change, there is no detectable change in the total quantity of matter present.
Matter cannot be created or destroyed

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27
Q
  • the phase of a substance changes
  • between solid, liquid, gaseous states
A

Physical Change

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28
Q
  • matter is converted from one type to another
  • beer brewing
A

Chemical Change

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29
Q

An element is a

A

pure substance that cannot be broken down into simplier substances by chemical changes.

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30
Q

How many elements are discovered?
How many occur naturally on earth?

A

118, and 98

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31
Q

Locate the atomic number, symbol, name, and atomic mass of Hydrogen.

A

Atomic number: 1
Symbol: H
Atomic mass: 1.008
Name: Hydrogen

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32
Q

Atoms are

A

the smallest particles of an element that have the properties of that element.

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33
Q

Molecules are

A

two or more atoms joined together by forces known as chemical bonds.

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34
Q

The atoms in a molecule are bound together and they move around as a

A

unit

35
Q

Elemenrs consist of a

A

single type of atom

36
Q

Noble gases, which include helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn), are found as blank in nature. This is because they have a full set of electrons in their outermost energy level, which makes them very stable and unreactive. They don’t readily form compounds with other elements, so they exist as blank

A

single/indivdual atoms

37
Q

Most elements exist as molecules with two or more atoms of that element

A

bound together

38
Q

Some molecules are blank; they consist of one type of atom.

A

elements

39
Q

Most molecules consist of atoms of different elements bound together. These molecules are known as

A

compounds

40
Q

A water molecule is a compound that consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom held together by

A

chemical bonds

41
Q

A glucose molecule is made from six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms, and six oxygen atoms bound together in a

A

specific arrangement

42
Q

A small difference in the arangement of atoms can have enormous

A

consequences

43
Q

A pain reliever but highly addictive

A

Morphine

44
Q

Pain reliever like morphine but even more addictive illegal substance.

A

Heroin

45
Q

Pain reliever with one tenth the potency of morphine

A

Codeine

46
Q

Similar to codeine but causes convulsions if ingested

A

Thebaine

47
Q

Pure substances have

A

constant composition

48
Q

Pure substances that are elements cannot be

Examples: gold(Au), oxygen (O2), and iron (Fe)

A

broken down into simplier substances chemically

49
Q

Pure substances that are compounds can be

A

broken down into simplier substances or into its elements by chemical changes

50
Q

Pure substances that are compounds have physical properties that are different from the

A

physical properties of its elements

51
Q

A mixture is a

A

combination of substances

52
Q

two or more compounds, two or more elements, or a combination is a

A

mixture

53
Q

mixtures can be separated by

A

physical methods

54
Q

A heterogeneous mixture has composition that

A

varies from point to point

55
Q

A homogenous mixture, also known as blank, has

A

solution
has uniform composition throughout

56
Q

Properties of Matter

  • are characteristics of matter that are not associated with a change in chemical composition
A

physical property

57
Q

What are physical properties

examples

A

density, color, hardness, conductivity, viscosity, etc.

58
Q

What are chemical properties

examples

A

flammability, reactivity, acidity, etc.

59
Q

Properties of Matter

The ability to change from one type of matter into another type of matter

A

Chemical Properties

60
Q

Physical vs. Chemical changes

They are changes in the state or properties of matter that are not associated with a change in chemical composition.

A

Physical Changes

61
Q

What are physical changes

A

melting, dissolving, magnetizing, grinding into a powder, etc

62
Q

What are chemical changes

A

Rust formation, combustion, digestion of food, etc.

63
Q

Physical vs. Chemical Changes

Produce one or more new types of matter that differ from the original matter prior to the change.

A

Chemical Change

64
Q

Intensive vs. Extensive Properties

Do not depend on the amount of susbtance present

A

Intensive Property

65
Q

Intensive vs. Extensive Properties

Depend on the amount of substance present

A

Extensive property

66
Q

What are intensive properties

example

A

density and temperature

67
Q

What are extensive properties

example

A

Mass, volume, and heat

68
Q

Measurements provide the information that is the basis of

A

most hypotheses, theories, and laws in science

69
Q

Number in Measurements mean

A

size or magnitude

70
Q

Units in Measurement is a

A

a standard for comparison

71
Q

{ 10 }^{ +12 }
What is the symbol and prefix

A

T
tera-

72
Q

{ 10 }^{ +9 }
What is the symbol and prefix

A

G
giga-

73
Q

{ 10 }^{ +6 }
What is the symbol and prefix

A

M
mega-

74
Q

{ 10 }^{ +3 }
What is the symbol and prefix

A

k
kilo-

75
Q

{ 10 }^{ -1 }
What is the symbol and prefix

A

d
deci-

76
Q

{ 10 }^{ -2 }
What is the symbol and prefix

A

c
centi-

77
Q

{ 10 }^{ -3 }
What is the symbol and prefix

A

m
milli-

78
Q

{ 10 }^{ -6 }
What is the symbol and prefix

A

μ
micro-

79
Q

{ 10 }^{ -9 }
What is the symbol and prefix

A

n
nano-

80
Q

{ 10 }^{ -12 }
What is the symbol and prefix

A

p
pico-

81
Q

°F

A

(1.8)°C + 32

82
Q

°C

A

(°F - 32)/1.8

83
Q

°K=

A

°C + 273.15

84
Q

what are common SI Base Units in Chemistry?

A

e

general chemistry (2 decks)

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