Chemistry Additional Flashcards
A compound that dissolves in water to give a solution with a pH lower than 7.
Acid
Form salts when then neutralize alkalis
Acid
Gives off hydrogen gas when reacts with metals
Acid
A compound that contains hydrogen in its formula and produces hydrogen ions when it dissolves in water
Acid
The mass of the required chemical obtained after separating and purifying the product of a chemical reaction
Actual yield
A compound that dissolves in water to give a solution with a pH higher than 7
Alkali
Can be neutralized by an acid to form a salt
Alkali
Solutions of these contain hydroxide ions
Alkali
A element in group 1 of the periodic table
Alkali metal
Reacts with water to form an alkaline solution
Alkali metal
A mixture of metals
Alloy
Chemicals made by industry of a scale of thousands or millions of tonnes per year. Examples are sulfuric acid, nitric acid, sodium hydroxide, ethanol and ethanoic acid
Bulk chemical
A graduated tube with taps or valves used to measure the volume of liquids or solutions during titrations
Burette
A chemical that starts or speeds up chemical reactions but is not used up in the process
Catalyst
The different chemical forms that an element can take, for example, chlorine can be an atom, a molecule and an ion.
Chemical species
The theory that reactions happen when molecules collide. This theory helps to explain the factors that affect the rate of reactions
Collision theory
A chemical that may destroy living tissue on contact
Corrosive
Strong attractive forces that hold atoms together in molecules. Form between non-metallic elements.
Covalent bonding
The outer layer of the lithosphere
Crust
A material with molecules, atoms or ions lined up in a regular way
Crystalline
A form of carbon with a giant covalent structure which is very hard
diamond
a molecule with two atoms
diatomic
a conductor made of metal or graphite through which a current enters or leaves a chemical during electrolysis.
Electrode
Splitting up a chemical into its elements by passing an electric current through it.
Electrolysis
A tiny negatively charged particle which is part of an atom
Electron
The force of attraction between objects with opposite electric charges
Electrostatic attraction
The point during a titration at which the reaction is just complete
End point
A reaction that takes in energy from the surroundings
Endothermic
A reaction that gives out energy to its surrounding
Exothermic
Chemicals made by the chemical industry in smaller quantities. Used in food additives, medicines and pesticides.
Fine chemicals
A 3D arrangement of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds. Silicon dioxide and diamand have this arrangement
Giant Covalent Structure
The structure of solid ionic compounds. There are no individual molecules, but millions of oppositely charged ions packed closely together in a regular 3D arrangement
Giant Ionic Lattice
The family name of the group 7 elements
Halogens
All the water on Earth
Hydrosphere
A chemical that shows whether a solution is acidic or alkaline
indicator
Does not form a solution in water or other solutes
Insoluble
Very strong attractive forces that hold ions together.
Ionic bonding
Compounds formed by the combination of a metal and a non-metal. They contain positively charged metal ions and negatively charged non-metal ions
Ionic compound
A spectrum made up of a series of lines. Each element has its own characteristic one.
Line spectrum
The rigid outer layer of the Earth, made up of the crust and the part of mantle just below it.
Lithosphere
A compound of a metal with oxygen
metal oxide
Very strong attractive forces that hold metal atoms together. The electrons drift freely around the lattice of positive metal ions and hold the ions together
Metallic bonding
A naturally occurring element or compound in the Earth’s lithosphere
Mineral
A group of atoms joined together.
Molecule
A chemical in its liquid state. Above melting point but below boiling point
Molten
A reaction in which an acid reacts with an alkali to form a salt
Neutralization reaction
A natural mineral that contains enough valuable minerals to make it profitable to mine
Ore
A reaction that adds oxygen to a chemical
Oxidation
A measure of the efficiency of chemical synthesis
Percentage yield
A row in the periodic table
Period
A material made up of very long molecules.
Polymer
Ions that have lost electrons
positive ion
An insoluble solid formed when mixing two solutions
Precipitate
A measure of how quickly a reaction happens
Rate of reaction
The chemicals on the left hand side of an equation
Reactants
A reaction that removes oxygen from a chemical
Reduction
You add up the relative atomic masses of the atoms in a chemical formula to get this
Relative formula mass
An ionic compound formed when an acid neutralizes an alkali or when a metal reacts with a non-metal
Salt
The use of instruments to produce and analyse spectra.
Spectroscopy
The area of a solid in contact with other reactants that are liquids or gases.
Surface Area
The amount of a product that would be obtained in a reaction if all the reactants were coverted to products.
Theoretical yield
A technique used to find the exact volumes of solutions that react with each other.
Titration
A chemical that may lead to serious health risks or even death.
Toxic
