Chemistry A1 (complete) Flashcards
Acid
a substance that dissociates in water to form positive hydrogen ions
Base
a substance that will react with acids to form salt and water
Alkali
a base that dissolves in water to form negative hydroxide ions
Amphoteric
substances that can act as both an acid and a base
Why is Aluminium useful
it is chemically inert (unreactive) except in hot acids/bases and amphoteric
uses of Aluminium
drying agent
paint
sun cream
filer
glass
Salt
formed when the cation in an acid is replaced by a different cation often a metal or ammonium
Metal oxides
bases
Metal hydroxides
Alkalis
electrolysis
the decomposition of a compound using electricity
effluent
liquid waste usually discharged into a river or stream
acid + metal hydroxide =
salt + water
Activation energy
minimum amount of energy needed between colliding particles in order for a successful collisions to take place
contact process
industrial production of sulfuric acid
steps of the contact process
- sulfur is burnt in oxygen to produce sulphur dioxide (S + O2 -> SO2)
- sulphur dioxide takes part in a reverse reaction with more oxygen to make sulphur trioxide. Vanadium oxide is added as the catalyst for sulfur dioxide to react with forming V2O4. it then regrates to V2O5
- a small amount of sulfuric acid is used with the sulfuric trioxide to make fuming sulfuric acid
- water is added to produce sulfuric acid
Iron in the harbour process
provides a surface area for hydrogen and nitrogen to absorb/bind to. this weakens the reactants allowing the chemical reaction to take place more easily therefore lowering the reaction activity.
discribe titaniums ore
titaniums ore is called rutile and consists of itanium oxide
why cant carbon be used as reducing agent in the production of pure titanium
because it would make the titanium britle
what is used as a reducing agent in the production of titanium
magnisium
why is pure titanium expensive
because only a small amout is made at one time
what is a batch process
a process that takes place in two stages
steps of the Kroll process
Stage one: titanium oxide is converted into titanium chloride using chlorine and carbon
Stage two: titanium chloride is reduced using magnisium
what envirement is the redcution of titanium carried out in
it is carried out in an argon atmosphere to prevent the titanium reacting with water or oxygen
what is brine
aqueous sodium chloride