Chemistry

Question 1

Carbon

Answer 1

C

CO2 (carbon dioxide)

Question 2

Oxygen

Answer 2

O

O2 (oxygen gas)
H2O (water)

Question 3

Hydrogen

Answer 3

H

H2O (water)

Question 4

Nitrogen

Answer 4

N

Macro

NO3- (nitrate)
NH4+ (ammonium)

Question 5

Calcium

Answer 5

Ca

Macro

Ca++ (calcium ion)

Question 6

Phosphorus

~phosphate*

Answer 6

P

Macro

H2PO4- (dihydrogen phosphate, orthophosphate)
HPO4– (hydrogen phosphate)

*most common nutrient form of element

Question 7

Magnesium

Answer 7

Mg

Macro

Mg++ (magnesium ion)

Question 8

Potassium

Answer 8

K

Macro

K+ (potassium ion)

Question 9

Sulfur

Answer 9

S

Macro

SO4— (sulfate)

Question 10

Chlorine

Answer 10

Cl

Micro

Cl- (chloride)

Question 11

Iron

Answer 11

Fe

Micro

Fe+++ (ferric)
Fe++ (ferrous)

Question 12

Copper

Answer 12

Cu

Micro

Cu++ (cupric)
Cu+ (cuprous)

Question 13

Zinc

Answer 13

Zn

Micro

Zn++ (zinc ion)

Question 14

Boron

Answer 14

B

Micro

BO3– (borate)
B4O7 (perborate)

Question 15

Manganese

Answer 15

Mn

Micro

Mn++ (manganous)

Question 16

Molybdenum

Answer 16

Mo

Micro

MoO4 — (molybdate)

Question 17

Organic (chemical definition)

Answer 17

Carbon containing compounds

Question 18

Element

Compound

Molecule

Answer 18

90 in total, cannot be broken down

Pure substance that can be decomposed into two or more different elements

Smallest particle of a compound, or stable combination of atoms of one element (ie O2, Cl2, H2O, CO2)

Question 19

Ion

Answer 19

An atom or group of atoms carrying an electrical charge. The number of + or - charges determines how many ions are needed to combine to form a molecule. The + and - must equal zeroed

Cation - positively charged; H+, Na+, Ca++

Anion - negatively charged; CL-, O—, SO4-

Question 20

Bonds

Reactions and equations

Answer 20

Atoms and ions are held together by an energetic force, which is released when t bonds are broken

Many chemical changes (reactions) involve compounds that act as acids or bases. Typical acids contain hydrogen ions (H-); typical bases contain hydroxyl ions (OH-). Acids react with bases to form salts and water. We can wrote the reaction using chem formulas; the reaction is called an equation, and the number of atoms must be balanced on each side of the arrow.

Question 21

Group 1

Answer 21

C, H, O, N, S

Utilized by plants in form of CO2, H2O, O2, NO3-, NH4+, SO4 2-. The ions from the growing medium solution, the gases from the atmosphere

Major constituents of organic material. Essential elements of atomic groups involved in enzymatic processes. Assimilation by oxidation-reduction reactions.

Question 22

Group 2

Answer 22

P, B

Utilized by plants in form of phosphates, boric acid, or borate from the growing medium solution

Esterification with native alcohol groups in plants. The phosphate esters are involved in energy transfer reactions

Question 23

Group 3

Answer 23

K, Mg, Ca, Mn, Cl

Utilized in form of ions from the growing medium solution

Nonspecific functions establishing osmotic potentials. More specific reactions by which the conformation of the enzyme protein is brought into optimum status (enzyme activation). Bridging of reaction partners. Balancing indiffusible and diffusible anions

Question 24

Group 4

Answer 24

Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo

Utilized in the forms of ions or chelates from the growing medium solution

Present predominantly in chelate for incorporated in prosthetic groups. Enable electron transport by valency change.