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Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Where do you find the Electrons

A

Atomic Number

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2
Q

What is the top number of an element

A

Atomic Mass

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3
Q

What is the bottom number of an element

A

Atomic Number

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4
Q

What is an Element

A

Same type of atom joined together

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5
Q

What is a Compound

A

Different type of atom joined together

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6
Q

Crystallization

A

Separating soluble substances from a solution

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7
Q

Distillisation

A

Separates liquids from solutions

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8
Q

What did James Chadwick discover

A

The Neutron

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9
Q

Why was the discovering of the Neutron beneficial to scientists

A

This allowed them to understand that it was possible for atoms of the same element to have different masses

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10
Q

What does the Mass Number tell you

A

The amount of Protons + Neutrons

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11
Q

What does the Atomic Number tell you

A

The amount of Protons

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12
Q

Why does Distillation work?

A

Because the dissolved solute has a much higher boiling point than the solvent

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13
Q

What are atoms made of

A

Protons, Neutrons and Electrons (the 3 subatomic particles)

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14
Q

What is found in the nucleus of an element

A

Protons and Neutrons

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15
Q

What does crystallization separate

A

Soluble solid from a solution

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16
Q

How does crystallization work

A

Evaporating a liquid causing the solution to become more concentrated which then makes crystals

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17
Q

Occasionally , what must you do when doing crystallization

A

Cool down the solution preventing the crystals from breaking down

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18
Q

How does distillation work?

A

Heating up the solution and the part of the solution with the lowest boiling point evaporates first

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19
Q

What is fractional distillation

A

Separating a mixture of different liquids

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20
Q

How does fractional distillation work

A

Heating a mixture of different liquids in flask attached to a fractioning column which is hottest at the bottom and is coolest at the top. Then the liquid with the lowest boiling point evaporates. After the first liquid is collected, the column temperature can be increased.

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21
Q

What is chromatography

A

Separating a mixture of soluble substances

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22
Q

How does chromatography work?

A

A pencil line is made near to the bottom of the paper where the pencil line is spotted, the paper is then placed into a solvent, the solvent seeps up the paper also bringing the dyes. The more soluble the liquid, the farther it will travel, pure substances produce only one dot

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23
Q

What was the atom thought as in the 19th century

A

In the 19th century, atoms were thought of as tiny spheres that couldn’t be separated

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24
Q

What did the discovery of the electron prove

A

The discovery of the electron proved that atoms could be divided into smaller pieces

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25
Q

The discovery of the electron led to

A

The discovery of the electron led to the making of the plum pudding model

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26
Q

The plum pudding model stated that

A

The plum pudding model stated that the atom was a ball of positive charge with negatively charged particles embedded in

27
Q

What was the alpha particle scattering experiment

A

The alpha particle scattering experiment was an experiment where alpha particles were fired at a thin sheet of gold. The scientists thought that the alpha particles were going to fire straight through the thin gold sheet. However, this was not the case as the alpha particles reacted in a number of different ways.

28
Q

What did the alpha particle scattering experiment prove?

A

This experiment proved that the Plum Pudding model wasn’t correct and showed that the positive charge was concentrated in one part of the atom. The concentrated positive charge was strong enough to to repel alpha particles and change their path. Although some particles went straight through the gold foil as predicted. This showed scientists that most of the atom was empty space.

29
Q

What replaced the plum pudding model

A

The nuclear model, the nuclear model is mostly empty space, with a positively charged nucleus and negative electrons orbiting around it

30
Q

Neil’s Bohr model

A

The Neil’s Bohr model is an improved version of the Nuclear model and suggested that electrons orbit in shells and that each electron is a fixed distance from the nucleus

31
Q

Atoms have the same number of

A

Protons and electrons-this means that atoms have no overall charge

32
Q

Radius of an atom

A

0.1nm

33
Q

Radius of an atom’s nucleus

A

1x10-5 nm

34
Q

How to calculate number of neutrons

A

Atomic mass - Atomic number

35
Q

What does Ar mean

A

Ar is often used to represent relative atomic mass

36
Q

Why was the periodic table made?

A

The periodic table of elements was made to sort elements in order of of groups with similar properties

37
Q

What side of the staircase are metals generally found

A

The left side of the staircase

38
Q

Why are metals metals?

A

The react to form positive ions

39
Q

Why are non-metals non-metals

A

They don’t form positive ions

40
Q

Metals can easily ____ their outer electrons to leave a full outer shell

A

Lose

41
Q

Non-metals don’t ____ electrons easily

A

Lose, means that they cant gain a full outer shell from losing electrons so they have to gain a electron

42
Q

When non-metals gain electrons they form

A

negative ions

43
Q

Non-metals can also fill their outer shells by

A

Sharing electrons with other atoms

44
Q

Metals towards the left of the staircase don’t have many _____ to lose

A

Electrons

45
Q

Metals towards the bottom of the periodic table have more

A

Shells

46
Q

The more easily an atom loses electrons the more _____ it is

A

reactive

47
Q

What are the elements in group 0 called

A

The Noble gases, all Noble gases are colorless at room temperature and also unreactive meaning they exist as single atoms

48
Q

What are the names of the noble gases

A

Helium Neon Argon Krypton Xenon Radon

49
Q

Why are the Noble Gases unreactive

A

They are unreactive because they have a full outer energy level meaning they are very stable

50
Q

Which way does the boiling points of the Noble Gases increase

A

They increase going down as they have increasing relative atomic mass because larger atoms have larger intermolecular forces between them

51
Q

What are the group 1 elements called

A

Alkali metals

52
Q

What are the names of the Alkali metals

A

Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Caesium, Francium. All of these are have low densities and are soft to cut through with a knife though they are very reactive as they have only 1 electron in their outer shell

53
Q

How can Alkali metals form a full outer shell

A

By losing 1 electron and forming a positive ion

54
Q

In what direction does the order of reactivity go in group 1

A

They get more reactive going down because the number of shells in each atom increases

55
Q

What type of compounds do alkali metals form when they react with non metals

A

They form Ionic Compounds because they easily lose their one outer electron to have a full outer shell. When an alkali metal loses an electron, it forms a +1 ion

56
Q

When Alkali metals are put in water, they react vigorously

A

This reaction normally creates hydrogen gas and metal hydroxide, metal hydroxide are salts that dissolve in water that then produces alkaline solutions.

57
Q

What type of oxide is formed when Alkali metals react with oxygen

A

Metal oxide

58
Q

What are group 7 elements known as

A

The group 7 elements are also known as the halogens

59
Q

What are the names of the Halogens

A

fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine, the Halogens are non-metals and they exist as pairs of atoms that have been covalently bonded and are non-metals

60
Q

In what direction does the Halogens increase in boiling point

A

They increase in reactivity going down
The halogens at the top of group 7 are gasses at room temperature
The halogens at the bottom of group 7 are solids at room temperature

61
Q

In what direction does the Halogens increase in reactivity

A

They increase in reactivity going up this is because they react by gaining 1 electron to fill their outer shell

62
Q

What kind of compounds do the Halogens form when reacting with other non-metals

A

They can form molecular compounds they do this by sharing electrons so that both atoms can fill their outer shells.

63
Q

When atoms share a pair of electrons a ____________ is formed

A

Covalent bond

64
Q

Halogens react with _____ to form ionic compounds

A

Metals`

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