Chemistry

Question 1

atoms

Answer 1

basic particles of matter

Question 2

matter

Answer 2

anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 3

protons

Answer 3

positive charge, 1 mass unit

Question 4

neutron

Answer 4

no charge, 1 mass unit

Question 5

electron

Answer 5

negative charge, no mass unit

Question 6

ionic bond

Answer 6

the attraction between cations & anions

Question 7

cations

Answer 7

electron donors, positive charge

Question 8

anions

Answer 8

electron acceptor, negative charge

Question 9

covalent bond

Answer 9

strong bond involving shared electrons

Question 10

hydrogen bond

Answer 10

weak polar bonds based on partial electrical attraction

Question 11

molecule

Answer 11

two or more atoms joined together by a strong bond

Question 12

compound

Answer 12

two or more atoms of different elements joined by strong or weak bonds

Question 13

nonpolar covalent bond

Answer 13

involves equal sharing of electrons

Question 14

polar covalent bond

Answer 14

involve unequal sharing of electrons, one atom is stronger than the rest

Question 15

reactants

Answer 15

materials going into a rection

Question 16

products

Answer 16

materials coming out of a reaction

Question 17

catalyst

Answer 17

accelerates a specific reaction, but is unchanged

Question 18

activation energy

Answer 18

amount of energy to get a reaction starting

Question 19

enzyme

Answer 19

a type of catalyst that lowers activation energy

Question 20

dehydration synthesis

Answer 20

formation of large molecules by removal of water

Question 21

hydrolysis

Answer 21

breakdown of large molecules by adding water

Question 22

solution

Answer 22

uniform mixture of two or more substances

Question 23

solvent

Answer 23

a medium in which another subject is dispersed

Question 24

solute

Answer 24

the particals dispersed in the solvent

Question 25

hydrophilic

Answer 25

one that interacts with water,

Question 26

hydrophobic

Answer 26

one that does not interact with water

Question 27

pH

Answer 27

concentration of hydrogen ions in solutions

Question 28

pure water pH

Answer 28

7.0

Question 29

human blood pH

Answer 29

7.35-7.45

Question 30

organic molecules

Answer 30

molecules that contain hydrogen, oxygen and carbon

Question 31

carbohydrates

Answer 31

contains hydrogen, oxygen and carbon in a 1:2:1 ratio

Question 32

monosaccharides

Answer 32

simple sugar

Question 33

disacchardies

Answer 33

two suagrs

Question 34

polysacchardies

Answer 34

many sugar

Question 35

lipids

Answer 35

hydrophobic molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen

Question 36

phospholipids

Answer 36

hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads, found in the cell membrane

Question 37

fatty acids

Answer 37

long chains of carbon and hydrogen with a carboxylic acid group (COOH) at the end

Question 38

saturated

Answer 38

with hydrogen, no double bonds

Question 39

unsaturated

Answer 39

one or more double bonds

Question 40

monounsaturated

Answer 40

one double bond

Question 41

polyunsaturated

Answer 41

two or more double bonds

Question 42

proteins

Answer 42

the most abundent and most important organic molecule, contains carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

Question 43

amino acids

Answer 43

building blocks of proteins (20)

Question 44

nucleic acids

Answer 44

large organic molecules, found in the nucleus, which store and process

Question 45

DNA

Answer 45

two strands held together by hydrogen bonds, forms a double helix, determines inherited characteristics

Question 46

RNA

Answer 46

single strand of nucleotides, controls intermediate step in protein synthesis

Question 47

ATP

Answer 47

energy currency in the body