chemistry 901 - 905 Flashcards
what groups are transition metals?
group 2-13
what are group 18 elements called
inert gases/noble gases
name the group one elemets
lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, francium
group 1 element properties
metals silvery surface reactive easily oxidized light metals that float in water soft low melting and boiling points
describe brownian movement
random movement of particles which are suspended in liquid/gas and result in collisions
state the kinetic theory of matter
1)all states of matter are made of particles that in constant motion, solids vibrate, liquids move into empty spaces and gases move freely
define gas pressure
pressure caused by collisions (P+F/A)
state atomic theory
all matter is made of atoms, atoms
atoms cannot be created nor destroyed
divisible into protons, electrons, and neutrons
define nucleon number
number of neutrons + protons
the five types of reactions
1) metal + water —-> metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas
2) acid + base —-> salt + water
3) metal + acid —-> salt + hydrogen gas
4) metal oxide + acid —–>salt + water
5) metal carbonate + acid ———> salt + carbon dioxide + water
group 17 elements
fluorine, chloride, bromine, iodine, astatine
characteristics of group 17
1) non-metals
2) reactive
3) diatomic (made out of 2 atoms)
4) highly electronegative
5) has 7 valance electrons
6) low melting and boiling points
7) bad conductors
8) low density
group 18 elements
helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon
noble gases characteristics
1) bad conductors
2) insoluble in water
3) inert/inactive because they have 8 valance electrons
4) colourless,tasteless,odourless
5) low boiling points
range of transition metals
group 2-13(not including 2)
properties of the first period of transition elements
1) metals
2) high melting and boiling points
3) solids with shiny surfaces
4) malleable and ductile
5) high tensile strength
6) high densities
7) good conductors of heat and electricity
special characteristics of transition metals
1) they form colored ions
2) charge of the ions formed from transition elements are variable
3) forms complex ions
4) acts as catalysts
describe Harber process
manufacturing of ammonia from the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen using iron as a catalyst
describe contact process
in manufacturing of sulphur acid sulphur dioxide reacts with oxygen to form sulphur trioxide, using vanadium as a catalyst
use of transition elements
- added to paints and glass
- used for radiators and for electrical wires
- as catalysts in industrial processes
why do elements form compounds rather than remain in element form?
because they are more stable in compound form
difference between ionic bond and covalent
ionic bond -(1) by loss/gain of electrons (2) between metals and non metals (3)forms positive and negative ions (4)strong electrostatic forces covalent bonds - (1)by sharing electrons (2)sharing between non metals only (3)forms electrically neutral molecules (4)weak Van der Waal's forces
property differences between ionic and covalent compounds
ionic - (1) high melting and boiling point
(2)soluble in water/insoluble in organic solvents
(3)can conduct electricity in aqueous state
(4)not easily evapurated(solids)
covalent - (1)low melting and boiling
(2)insoluble in water/soluble in organic solvents
(3)can conduct electricity in any state (except graphite)
(4)easily evaporated(any state)
define chemical formula
chemical formula is a chemical representation of substances using letters, subscript numbers which represent the number of atoms combined together to form the substance
