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MLS Chemistry 2020 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

An increased serum level of the following is most commonly associated with decreased glomerular filtration?

A

Creatinine

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2
Q

Jaffe reaction

A

Creatinine

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3
Q

What portion of bilirubin is increased in hemolytic anemia?

A

Increased unconjugated bilirubin

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4
Q

What type of bilirubin predominates in the serum of neonates?

A

Unconjugated bilirubin (Indirect)

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5
Q

When should peak drug levels be drawn?

A

1-2 hrs after dose

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6
Q

When should trough drug levels be drawn?

A

Immediately before next dose

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7
Q

Polyuria and low specific gravity and indicative of what disease process?

A

Diabetes Insipidus

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8
Q

What are the expected lab results of obstructive jaundice (posthepatic)?

A

Increased serum bilirubin
Increased urine bilirbin
Decreased urobilinogen

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9
Q

What are the expected lab values for prehepatic jaundice (hemolytic anemia)?

A

Increased serum unconjugated bilirubin

Increased urine urobilinogen

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10
Q

What are the expected lab values for hepatic disease (cirrhosis, viral hepatitis)?

A

Increased serum unconjugated + conjuaged bilirubin

Increased urine bilirubin + urobilinogen

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11
Q

Average glucose over 90 days

Diagnosis of diabetes

A

HbA1c

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12
Q

Detects small amounts of albumin in urine to assess early renal damage

A

Urinary albumin (microalbumin)

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13
Q

Fasting glucose > 126 mg/dL
>200 mg/dL random glucose
2 hr glucose >200 mg/dL
A1c >6.5%

A

Diabetes Mellitus

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14
Q

Impaired fasting glucose >100 but <126
Impaired glucose tolerance test >140 but <200
A1c 5.7-6.4%

A

Pre-diabetes

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15
Q

Insulin decreases what serum value?

A

Glucose

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16
Q

Metabolite of cocaine

A

benzoylecgonine

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17
Q

The primary form of secreted nitrogen is?

A

Urea

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18
Q

Increased in chemo patients, gout, renal failure and leukemia?

A

Uric acid

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19
Q

If this is increased it is toxic to the CNS?

A

ammonia level in the serum

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20
Q

Most common advanced liver disease with increased ammonia levels?

A

Reye’s syndrome

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21
Q

Which of the cardiac markers rises and returns to normal latesest (remains elevated the longest) in acute MI?

A

Troponin

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22
Q

This cardiac marker rises within 4-6 hrs and peaks at 24 hrs. Returns to normal 3-4 days

A

Total CK

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23
Q

This cardiac marker rises between 3-6 hrs and peaks at 12-24 hrs. Returns to normal in 2-3 days.

A

CK-MB

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24
Q

What chemistry will be elevated in young children who’s bones are rapidly developing and bone disorders?

A

ALP (alkaline phosphatase)

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25
Q

What causes Addison/s disease?

A

Destruction or failure of the adrenal cortex

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26
Q

Decreased aldosterone
Decreased cortisol
Decreased Hb, Na, Cl and urinary steroids

A

Addison’s Disease

“Anemic Addison has a problem with everything being decreased.”

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27
Q

Increased Cortisol + aldosterone

Increased Glucose, Na, urinary steroids

A

Cushing’s Disease

“Cushy Carl has a problem with everything being elevated.”

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28
Q

If elevated what analyte would support a diagnosis of congestive heart failure?

A

BNP

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29
Q

Decreased TSH

Increased T3 + T4

A

Hyperthyroidism

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30
Q

Most common cause of hyperthyroidism

A

Grave’s disease

Go getter Gertrude Graves….everything is racing except my TSH!

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31
Q

Increased TSH

Decreased T3 + T4

A

Hypothyroidism

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32
Q

Most common cause of hypothyroidism

A

Hashimoto’s disease

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33
Q

What are the male sex hormones?

A

androgens

34
Q

What are the female sex hormones?

A

estrogens

35
Q

This hormone regulates reabsorption of water in distal renal tubules?

A

ADH

36
Q

This regulates production of adrenocortical hormones by adrenal cortex?

A

ACTH

37
Q

This hormone regulates sperm and egg produciton?

A

FSH

38
Q

This hormone regulates maturations of follicles, ovulation, production of estrogen, progesterone, testosterone?

A

LH

39
Q

Which analyte is measured by the diazo reaction?

A

bilirubin

40
Q

What casts have a smokey appearance along with positive blood and protein, RBCs?

A

Hemoglobin casts

41
Q

An electrophoresis pattern with a spike in the gamma region is indicative of what?

A

monoclonal gammopathy

42
Q

An electrophoresis pattern with a beta gamma bridges is indicative of what?

A

Cirrhosis

43
Q

An absence of gamma bridging in protein electrophoresis is indicative of what?

A

hypogammaglobulinemia

44
Q

A spike in the Alpha 2 and decrease in albumin in protein electrophoresis is indicative of what?

A

nephrotic syndrome

45
Q

What is the clinical utility of testing serum for prealbumin?

A

Serial low levels indicated compromised nutritional status

46
Q

What differs in structure, but catalyzes the same reaction?

A

Isoenzymes

47
Q

Calculate the LDL

A

TC-HDL-TG/5

48
Q

Calculate the anion gap

A

(Na + K) - (HCO3 + Cl) 10-20 mM/L

Na - (HCO3 + Cl) 7-10 mM/L

49
Q

Calculate osmolality

A

2NA + Glucose/18 + BUN/2.8

50
Q

Ionized calcium is effected by what?

A

Loss of CO2 and increased pH

51
Q

If a specimen is done by venipuncture what would be decreased?

A

PO2

52
Q

Calculate bicarbonate

A

Total CO2- H2CO3

53
Q

Calculate H2CO3

A

pCO2 x 0.03

54
Q

Bubbles in syringe would affect blood gas analysis how?

A

Increased pH + pO2

Decreased pCO2

55
Q

Sample sitting more then 30 mins would affect blood gas analysis how?

A

Decreased pH + pO2

Increased pCO2

56
Q

The secretion of androgens by the testes is stimulated by what?

A

LH

57
Q

Which assay is most appropriate to screen for thyroid disease?

A

TSH

58
Q

This electrolyte primarily maintains osmotic pressure in the plasma?

A

Sodium

59
Q

What cells can not be detected in a urine sample because they lack esterase?

A

lymphocytes

60
Q

Measurement of acid phosphatase is used to detect neoplastic disease of the:

A

prostate

61
Q

How is LD measured?

A

By the increase in absorbance at 40 nm as NADH is produced.

62
Q

If some anti-coagulated blood is added to a red top serum separator what analyte measurement will be markedly increased?

A

Potassium

63
Q

Lactate + NAD—–>pyruvate + NADH is the reaction for what analyte?

A

LD (lactate dehydrogenase)

64
Q

Increased T4 and increased TSH is indicative of what?

A

hyperpituitarism

65
Q

What test should be performed to positively identify crystals in urine?

A

prussian blue stain

66
Q

Which crystals in joints cause gout?

A

monosodium urate

67
Q

An elevated GGT can be seen in what disease process?

A

Liver disease

68
Q

What urinalysis reagent strip test uses the pseudoperoxidase reaction?

A

Blood

69
Q

What can effect the level of ionized calcium?

A

pH

70
Q

When should levels for trough drug levels be collected?

A

immediately before next dose

71
Q

What conditions will increases the total T4 by increasing Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)?

A

pregnancy and estrogen therapy

72
Q

The volume of plasma from which a substance is removed per unit of time is what?

A

renal clearance

73
Q

What analyte is elevated in rhabdomyolosis?

A

myoglobin

74
Q

What cell is present in CSF in greater numbers in newborns than in older children or adults?

A

monocytes

75
Q

What is the most sensitive analyte of alcoholic liver diasease?

A

GGT

76
Q

CSF tube #1
CSF tube #2
CSF tube #3

A 
#1 
#2
#3-hematology
77
Q

Of the total serum calcium, free ionized calcium normally represents approximately what percent?

A

45%

78
Q

To compensate for a decreased blood pH the kidneys will:

A

excrete H ions

79
Q

To compensate for an increased blood pH the kidneys will:

A

retain H ions

80
Q

What is the normal ration of bicarbonate to carbonic acid in arterial blood?

A

20:1

81
Q

The plasma protein mostly involved with the binding and transport of free hemoglobin dimers?

A

haptoglobin

82
Q

A reaction between soluble antigen and soluble antibody to form aggregates?

A

Precipitation

MLS Chemistry 2020 (1 decks)

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